Funeral

 Nota: Para outros significados, veja Funeral (desambiguação).
Funeral católico do Papa João Paulo II.
Funeral islâmico.
Funeral judeu.

Funeral é o conjunto de ritos, religiosos ou culturais, adotados antes, durante e, em alguns casos, após o sepultamento, como despedida a seguir à morte de uma pessoa.[1] Podem existir ritos diferentes consoante as variantes internas de cada religião. Normalmente existem empresas funerárias que oferecem serviços relacionados à preparação, organização e execução de funerais, procissões fúnebres e sepultamentos.

No caso do funeral católico, o procedimento toma o nome de exéquias[2] (velório, missa de corpo presente e cortejo fúnebre para o sepultamento).[3]

No Islamismo os ritos funerários começam com a oração Salat al-Janazah, seguida da lavagem ritual do corpo (Ghusl) e o envolvimento do falecido num pano simples (kafã), seguindo-se o sepultamento.[4]

O Judaísmo realiza a recitação do Kadish (oração pelos mortos), antes do sepultamento.

Para os últimos ritos do Hinduísmo, o Antyesti é central, com mantras e orações entoados por um sacerdote e pelos familiares, pedindo à alma que se liberte do seu corpo físico e continue o seu ciclo de reencarnação após a cremação.

Tradicionalmente, nos ritos budistas são lidos sermões e realizados cânticos ou sutras (orações fúnebres budistas), com o corpo apresentado num caixão simples aberto com uma imagem do falecido e uma imagem de Buda colocada nas proximidades, sendo posteriormente cremado.[5]

Origens

Os funerais existem desde o início da humanidade, sendo anteriores ao aparecimento do Homo sapiens.[6] Os vestígios mais antigos de possíveis rituais fúnebres datam de há 400 mil anos, em Atapuerca.[7]

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ S.A, Priberam Informática. «Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa». Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa. Consultado em 18 de outubro de 2024 
  2. ↑ S.A, Priberam Informática. «Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa». Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa. Consultado em 18 de outubro de 2024 
  3. ↑ «Los funerales Católicos - Intermountain Catholic». icatholic.dioslc.org. Consultado em 18 de outubro de 2024 
  4. ↑ Nzomiwu, John Paul C. (1989). The History and Message of Islam (em inglês). [S.l.]: Meks-Unique 
  5. ↑ «The Sacred and the Profane: Contemporary Development of Funeral Rituals in Taiwan from the Perspective of Buddhist Funeral Rites Reform». web.archive.org. 19 de março de 2009. Consultado em 18 de outubro de 2024 
  6. ↑ Paul Pettitt (agosto de 2002). «When Burial Begins». British Archaeology. Consultado em 28 de junho de 2016. Arquivado do original em 15 de junho de 2016 
  7. ↑ E. Carbonell; M. Mosquera (2006). «The emergence of a symbolic behaviour: the sepulchral pit of Sima de los Huesos, Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain». Human Palaeontology and Prehistory. 5: 155-160. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2005.11.010 
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