Autocumprimento

Na filosofia e na psicologia, o autocumprimento ou autoplenificação (em inglês, self-fulfillment) é a realização dos desejos e capacidades mais profundos. A história desse conceito pode ser atribuída aos filósofos gregos antigos e ainda permanece um conceito notável na filosofia moderna.

Definição e história

O filósofo Alan Gewirth, em seu livro Self-Fulfillment, definiu autocumprimento como "levar a bom termo os desejos mais profundos ou as capacidades mais valiosas de si".[1] Outra definição afirma que o autocumprimento é "a obtenção de uma vida satisfatória e digna, bem vivida".[2] É um ideal que pode ser atribuído aos filósofos gregos antigos, e que tem sido comum e popular nas culturas ocidentais e não ocidentais. O autocumprimento é frequentemente visto como superior a outros valores e objetivos.[1]

Gewirth observa que "buscar uma boa vida humana é buscar o autocumprimento".[1] No entanto, na filosofia moderna, o ideal de autocumprimento tornou-se menos popular, criticado por pensadores como Hobbes e Freud, que sentem que há problemas conceituais e morais associados a ele.[1] Foi chamado de conceito egoísta, impossível de alcançar, com alguns sugerindo que é um conceito obsoleto que deve ser abandonado.[1] Filósofos morais se concentram menos em obter uma vida boa e mais em relações e deveres interpessoais devidos a outros.[1] Da mesma forma, enquanto Platão e Aristóteles viam o objetivo da polis em fornecer um meio de autocumprimento para os cidadãos, os governos modernos desistiram disso, concentrando-se na manutenção da ordem cívica. Apesar das críticas, o conceito de autocumprimento o ainda persiste na filosofia moderna, sua utilidade defendida por pensadores como o próprio Gewirth.[1]

Gewirth observou que o termo autocumprimento tem dois sinônimos: autorrealização e autoatualização, usados respectivamente por filósofos e psicólogos humanistas, enquanto o termo autocumprimento é mais comumente usado fora desses campos de especialistas.[3] Gewirth, no entanto, argumenta que esse conceito é suficientemente diferente dos outros para merecer não ser usado como sinônimo.[3] O autocumprimento em particular, frequentemente discutido no contexto da hierarquia de necessidades de Maslow, é frequentemente definido como a "necessidade de autorrealização".[4][5]

O Dr. Ben Carvosso, em seu livro Life CEO - Take Charge, and start doing your life's work, not your busy work, discutiu a prevalência de indivíduos cujas vidas são ocupadas, cheias, mas não plenas. Indivíduos com vidas não cumpridas porque algo está faltando e que chegam à conclusão errada (impulsionada por artimanha de marketing pelas grandes corporações) de que a solução é trabalhar mais e ganhar mais dinheiro para, de alguma forma, ganhar mais tempo. A autoplenificação vem de saber o que você realmente quer, não o que a sociedade diz que você deveria querer.[6] É somente quando nos conectamos com o que realmente queremos que experimentamos a verdadeira alegria ou Eudaimonia.

O autocumprimento está conectado positivamente ao altruísmo.[2]

O termo é utilizado também em "profecia de autocumprimento", também chamada de profecia autorrealizável.

Ver também

Referências

  1. a b c d e f g Alan Gewirth (2 November 2009). Self-Fulfillment. Princeton University Press. pp. 3–5. ISBN 978-0-691-14440-5. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  2. a b Barbara Kerr (15 June 2009). Encyclopedia of Giftedness, Creativity, and Talent. SAGE. pp. 63–65. ISBN 978-1-4129-4971-2. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  3. a b Alan Gewirth (2 November 2009). Self-Fulfillment. Princeton University Press. pp. 6–8. ISBN 978-0-691-14440-5. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  4. Barry L. Reece; Rhonda Brandt; Karen F. Howie (15 January 2010). Effective Human Relations: Interpersonal and Organizational Applications. Cengage Learning. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-538-74750-9. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  5. Ellen E. Pastorino; Susann M Doyle-Portillo (1 January 2012). What Is Psychology?: Essentials. Cengage Learning. p. 288. ISBN 978-1-111-83415-9. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  6. Ben, Carvosso (16 de abril de 2018). Life CEO: take charge and start doing your life's work not your busy work. [place of publication not identified]: [s.n.] ISBN 9780648216704. OCLC 1041112060 

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