코소보 해방군

코소보 해방군
Ushtria Çlirimtare e Kosovës
코소보 전쟁에 참전
코소보 해방군의 문장
코소보 해방군의 문장
활동기간 1993년 - 1999년 6월 20일
이념 알바니아 민족주의[1][2][3]
지도자 하심 타치

아김 체쿠
아뎀 자샤리 †
아김 라마다니 †
자히르 파야지티
파트미르 리마이
라무시 하라디나이
베르킴 베리샤
이사 무스타파

활동지역 코소보의 기 코소보
병력 12,000명–20,000명[4] 17,000–20,000,[5] 24,000 (April–May 1999),[6]

25,000명–45,000명[7]

이후단체 코소보 방위군단
동맹국가 알바니아 알바니아

북대서양 조약 기구 NATO

적대국가 세르비아 몬테네그로 세르비아 몬테네그로
참여한 전투 코소보 전쟁

코소보 해방군(알바니아어: Ushtria Çlirimtare e Kosovës, UÇK), 줄여서 약자로 KLA(UÇK)은 알바니아인들의 준군사조직으로 세르비아 몬테네그로와 세르비아에서 독립을 추진하고, 궁극적으로는 대알바니아 건립을 제창한 무장단체이다.[8][9][10][11][12] 유고슬라비아의 보안군, 경찰 및 정부 관료들과 코소보계 세르비아인에 맞선 이 단체의 활동은 코소보 전쟁이라 알려진 유고슬라비아군과 세르비아 준군사조직에 의해 와해되었다. 1999년 3월 북대서양 조약 기구는 코소보 해방군을 지지하며 이 단체를 대신해 전쟁에 개입했다.

1999년 9월, 코소보에서 전투가 끝나고, 국제군이 주둔함에 따라 코소보 해방군은 공식적으로 해체되고 수많은 조직원들은 코소보 방어군단에 가담했다. 코소보 방어군단은 코소보 해방군과 코소보 경찰군을 대체하는 민간 긴급 방어조직으로 유엔 안전보장이사회 결의안 1244에 따라 창설되었다. 공식적으로 무장단체는 해체되었지만, 다른 알바니아계 무장단체들이 등장했다. 몇몇 참전자들은 프레세보 계곡 반란과 2001년 마케도니아 공화국 분란에도 계속 참가했다. 옛 코소보 해방군 지도자들은 정치에도 참여해 고위 관료가 되었다.

코소보 해방군은 알바니아계 디아스포라 조직들로부터 많은 자금 후원을 받았다. 코소보 해방군의 작전 지원을 위해 마약 거래를 한 논란이 재기되고 있으며,[13] 이에 대한 증거는 불충분하다.[14] 코소보 해방군이 코소보 전쟁 기간 및 그 이후 전쟁범죄를 저지른 것에 대한 보고서들이 존재하며, 이들은 민간인과 포로 수용소에서 학살을 저지른 것으로 추정된다.[15] 2014년 4월 코소보 의회는 코소보 해방군에 참여했던 인원들이 1999년부터 2000년까지 저지른 범죄나 다른 심각한 사회적 문제와 관련된 사건들을 해결하고자 코소보 특별법정을 여는 것을 승인했다.[16]

같이 보기

각주

  1. ↑ Yoshihara 2006, 68쪽.
  2. ↑ Perritt 2008, 29쪽.
  3. ↑ Koktsidis & Dam 2008, 165–166쪽.
  4. ↑ Hockenos, Paul (2003). 《Homeland Calling: Exile Patriotism & the Balkan Wars》. Cornell University Press. 255쪽. ISBN 0-8014-4158-7. 
  5. ↑ John Pike. “Kosovo Liberation Army [KLA / UCK]”. Globalsecurity.org. 2012년 5월 6일에 확인함. 
  6. ↑ Stephen T. Hosmer (2001년 7월 2일). 《The Conflict Over Kosovo: Why Milosevic Decided to Settle When He Did》. Rand Corporation. 88–쪽. ISBN 978-0-8330-3238-6. 
  7. ↑ Yossef Bodansky (2011년 5월 4일). 《bin Laden: The Man Who Declared War on America》. Crown Publishing Group. 398–403쪽. ISBN 978-0-307-79772-8. 
  8. ↑ “State-building in Kosovo. A plural policing perspective”. Maklu. 2015년 2월 5일. 53쪽. 
  9. ↑ “Liberating Kosovo: Coercive Diplomacy and U. S. Intervention”. Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. 2012. 69쪽. 
  10. ↑ “Dictionary of Genocide”. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2008. 249쪽. 
  11. ↑ “Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA)”. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2014년 9월 14일. 
  12. ↑ “Albanian Insurgents Keep NATO Forces Busy”. Time. 2001년 3월 6일. 
  13. ↑ 《Narco-terrorism: international drug trafficking and terrorism, a dangerous mix : hearing before the Committee on the Judiciary, One Hundred Eighth Congress, first session》. United States Senate U.S. G.P.O. 2003년 5월 20일. 111쪽. 2016년 1월 25일에 확인함. 
  14. ↑ Henry H. Perritt (2010). 《Kosovo Liberation Army: The Inside Story of an Insurgency》. University of Illinois Press. 88–93쪽. 
  15. ↑ UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo. executive summary. hrw.org (2001)
  16. ↑ “Kosovo court to be established in The Hague”. 《Government of the Netherlands》. 2016년 1월 15일. 2016년 1월 16일에 확인함. 

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