アメリカ合衆国国勢調査局

アメリカ合衆国国勢調査局
Bureau of the Census
紋章
ロゴ
組織の概要
設立年月日1903年7月1日
継承前組織
  • Temporary census offices
管轄アメリカ合衆国の旗 アメリカ合衆国連邦政府
人員5,593人 (2006年)
年間予算3.1億米ドル (2009年)
7.2億米ドル (2010年推計)
1.3億米ドル (2011年推計)
行政官
上位組織アメリカ合衆国経済統計局
ウェブサイトwww.census.gov

アメリカ合衆国国勢調査局(アメリカがっしゅうこくこくせいちょうさきょく、: United States Census Bureau, 略称: USCB, 正式名称: Bureau of the Census)は、アメリカ合衆国商務省の一部局である。国勢調査は、合衆国法典第13編に規定されている。国勢調査局の役割とは国勢調査を最長でも10年に1度行い、連邦下院議会の議員定数の割り当てを定めることである。また、国の経済や人口のほかに世界人口など国際的なデータについても様々な統計を収集する業務を担っている。

概要

国勢調査地方部局担当地域

1903年以後、アメリカ合衆国の国勢調査は国勢調査局が担ってきた。長官の下、指揮系統は副長官1名と幹部職員が統括し、関連した省から選ばれた局員をまとめる。12の地方部局があり、10年ごとの国勢調査にあわせて臨時の部局を開設している。12の地方局はアトランタのほかダラスロサンゼルスボストンデンバーニューヨークシャーロットデトロイトフィラデルフィアシカゴカンザスシティシアトルに置く。

国勢調査の唯一の目的は、個人から国勢調査の回答を集め、汎用的な統計情報に処理することである。個人が特定できないようにしてプライバシー保護に努めることが法律で決められており、情報を漏らした調査員や国勢調査局職員は、懲役刑を含む処罰の対象となる。また国勢調査結果は誰もが閲覧できるが、例えば非常に人口の少ない地域のマイノリティーなど、個人が特定できてしまう恐れのあるデータは特定できない形式にして公表される。

4地域と9地区

国勢調査の地域・地区の公式分布図

国勢調査局はアメリカ合衆国を4地域(リージョン Region)に分割し、その下に9区域(ディビジョン Division)を配している[1]。この便宜的な分割はあくまでも「データ収集ならびに分析を目標とし、その対象はあまねく広範[2][3][4]……」であるといい[5]、地理や歴史、文化などとは無関係である。次のように分割されている[6]

脚注

出典

  1. ^ United States Census Bureau, Geography Division. “Census Regions and Divisions of the United States”. January 7, 2013時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。February 3, 2016閲覧。
  2. ^ Sudman, Seymour; Bradburn, Norman M. (1982). Asking Questions: A Practical Guide to Questionnaire Design. Jossey-Bass. p. 205. https://books.google.com/books?id=8Ay2AAAAIAAJ. "The most widely used regional definitions follow those of the U.S. Bureau of the Census" 
  3. ^ Lewison, Dale M. (1997). Retailing. Prentice Hall. p. 384. https://books.google.com/books?id=oPUJAQAAMAAJ&dq=ISBN9780134614274. "Perhaps the most widely used regional classification system is one developed by the U.S. Census Bureau." 
  4. ^ Kittler, Pamela Goyan; Sucher, Kathryn P. (2008). Food and Culture. Cengage Learning. p. 475. ISBN 978-0495115410. https://books.google.com/books?id=eKdbaMY5AHEC&lpg=PA475&pg=PA475#v=onepage&q&f=false. "(M)ost demographic and food consumption data are presented in this four-region format." 
  5. ^ “The National Energy Modeling System: An Overview 2003”. Report #:DOE/EIA-0581 (United States Department of Energy, en:Energy Information Administration). (October 2009). 
  6. ^ a b Census Bureau Regions and Divisions with State FIPS Codes”. US Census Bureau. February 3, 2016閲覧。

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