1950年、血管内にプラスチックカテーテルを留置する革新的な方法が報告された[138]。それはメイヨークリニックの麻酔科研修医デービッド・マッサ (David J. Massa、1923-1990)によるもので、カテーテルの内側に金属針を入れ、金属針もろとも血管内にカテーテルを入れ、金属針は抜去するというものであった[138]。それまでは血管内に薬液を注入する方法は3つあったが、いずれも欠点を抱えていた[138]。1つはカットダウン、すなわち小手術で皮膚を切開して血管を直視下で切開し、カテーテルを留置するものであるが、患者の苦痛が大きかった[138]。もう一つはカテーテルでは無く、金属針で血管を穿刺し、血管内に留置し続けるものであったが、針が血管を傷つけないよう患者は大きな運動制限を強いられ、それでも点滴漏れのためにしばしば再穿刺が必要となった[138]。3つめは血管を穿刺して針の中からカテーテルを入れるというものであったが、細いカテーテルしか入れられず、針穴がカテーテルよりも大きいので点滴漏れが起こりやすかった[138]。
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^ abMarino, Paul L.「2. Central Venous Access」『Marino's the ICU book』(Fourth)LWW、Philadelphia、2014年、17-22 頁。ISBN978-1451121186。
^ abcdSandrucci, Sergio、Mussa, Baudolino 編「Chapter 1,5,6」『Peripherally inserted central venous catheters』Springer、Milan、5 July 2014。ISBN978-88-470-5665-7。
^Roca-Tey, Ramon (March 2016). “Permanent Arteriovenous Fistula or Catheter Dialysis for Heart Failure Patients”. The Journal of Vascular Access17 (1_suppl): S23–S29. doi:10.5301/jva.5000511. PMID26951899.
^Peacock, W. Frank; Hilleman, Daniel E.; Levy, Phillip D.; Rhoney, Denise H.; Varon, Joseph (July 2012). “A systematic review of nicardipine vs labetalol for the management of hypertensive crises”. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine30 (6): 981–993. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2011.06.040. PMID21908132.
^Vardas, Panos E.; Kochiadakis, George E. (September 2003). “Amiodarone for the Restoration of Sinus Rhythm in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation”. Cardiac Electrophysiology Review7 (3): 297–299. doi:10.1023/B:CEPR.0000012400.34597.00. PMID14739732.
^Boles Ponto, Laura L.; Schoenwald, Ronald D. (1 May 1990). “Furosemide (Frusemide) A Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Review (Part I)”. Clinical Pharmacokinetics18 (5): 381–408. doi:10.2165/00003088-199018050-00004. PMID2185908.
^Halter, Jeffrey B.; Ouslander, Joseph G.; Studenski, Stephanie; High, Kevin P.; Asthana, Sanjay; Supiano, Mark A. et al. (23 December 2016). “Chapter 35”. In Edmonson, Karen G.; Davis, Kim J.. Hazzard's geriatric medicine and gerontology (Seventh ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. ISBN978-0-07-183345-5
^Runge, VM; Ai, T; Hao, D; Hu, X (December 2011). “The developmental history of the gadolinium chelates as intravenous contrast media for magnetic resonance.”. Investigative Radiology46 (12): 807–16. doi:10.1097/RLI.0b013e318237913b. PMID22094366.
^Rawson, JV; Pelletier, AL (1 September 2013). “When to Order a Contrast-Enhanced CT.”. American Family Physician88 (5): 312–6. PMID24010394.
^Flannery, Alexander H.; Adkins, David A.; Cook, Aaron M. (August 2016). “Unpeeling the Evidence for the Banana Bag: Evidence-Based Recommendations for the Management of Alcohol-Associated Vitamin and Electrolyte Deficiencies in the ICU”. Critical Care Medicine44 (8): 1545–1552. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000001659. PMID27002274.
^Jeffrey E Kelsey; D Jeffrey Newport & Charles B Nemeroff (2006). “Alcohol Use Disorders”. Principles of Psychopharmacology for Mental Health Professionals. Wiley-Interscience. pp. 196–197. ISBN978-0-471-79462-2
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Millwork wall covering Wainscot redirects here. For other uses, see Wainscot (disambiguation). 39 in (990 mm) wainscoting using 3 in (76 mm) tongue and groove pine boards Panelling (or paneling in the United States) is a millwork wall covering constructed from rigid or semi-rigid components.[1] These are traditionally interlocking wood, but could be plastic or other materials. Panelling was developed in antiquity to make rooms in stone buildings more comfortable bo...
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Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada April 2012. Bienenstich Bienenstich adalah sejenis kue khas Jerman.[1] Kue ini terbuat dari Hefeteig (adonan ragi manis) yang diisi dengan custard (campuran krim) vanila dan dilapisi madu dan taburan badam.[1] Nama Bienenstich diambil dari bahan madu...
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Fictional character Not to be confused with Jason Scott Lee, Jason Lee (disambiguation), or Jason Scott (disambiguation). The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's general notability guideline. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted.Find sou...
Roman Catholic responsory in Masses for the dead For other uses, see Libera me (disambiguation). This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: Libera me – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2024) Libera me (Deliver me) is a responsory sung in the Office of the Dead in the Catholi...
Albanian royalist political faction (1941-1945) Legality MovementLëvizja LegalitetiCoat of arms of the Albanian KingdomLeadersAbaz KupiDates of operation1943–1945HeadquartersMatActive regionsAlbaniaIdeologyMonarchismAlbanian nationalismAllies Allied Powers United Kingdom Balli Kombëtar (end of the war) Opponents Balli Kombëtar (start of the war) Albanian partisans Axis Battles and warsAlbanian resistance of World War II The Legality Movement (Albanian: Lëvizja Legaliteti) were an A...