敗血症性ショック

敗血症性ショック
ハブリエル・メツー病気の少女
概要
診療科 感染症
症状 '初期:体温>38 °C (100.4 °F)、頻脈狭い脈圧[1]
重症:混乱、チアノーゼ[2]
原因 感染[2]
診断法 輸液蘇生にもかかわらず平均動脈圧<65mmHgと乳酸値>2mmol/L[3]
鑑別 他のショック播種性血管内凝固症候群副腎クリーゼ、薬物過剰摂取[1]
治療 抗生物質感染組織の除去点滴静脈輸液ノルエピネフリン[2]
死亡数・ リスク>40%[4]
分類および外部参照情報

敗血症性ショック(はいけつしょうせいショック、: Septic shock)とは、十分な点滴静脈注射にもかかわらず、血圧が低いままで血清乳酸値が2mmol/L (>18 mg/dL) 以上の重度の敗血症のことである[4][3]。初期症状には、体温が38 °C (100.4 °F)を超えるまたは36 °C (96.8 °F)を下まわる、頻脈狭い脈圧呼吸回数の増加などがあげられる[1][2]。さらに重度の症状には、昏迷チアノーゼなどがあげられる[2]。合併症には、急性呼吸窮迫症候群多臓器不全などがあげられる[2]

最も一般的な感染症の種類は細菌性であり、グラム陰性細菌感染症が症例の62%に存在し、グラム陽性細菌感染症が症例の47%に存在する[2]。5%未満の症例にはウイルスまたは寄生虫が関与している。最も一般的な感染個所は、肺(42%)、血液(21%)、尿(10%)であるが症例の3分の1は感染個所が不明である[2]。敗血症の危険因子には、糖尿病悪性腫瘍肝臓または腎臓の問題副腎皮質ホルモンの使用、火傷、免疫機能の低下、超高齢または幼齢などがあげられる。敗血症性ショックは、血液分布異常性ショックの一種である[5]

治療には、抗生物質感染組織の除去点滴静脈輸液ノルエピネフリンのような血管作動薬英語版などを用いた早期目標指向型治療英語版がおこなわれる[2]。この他の対策には、機械換気副腎皮質ホルモンの使用などがあげられる。米国での重度の敗血症の罹患者数は年間約750,000人(10万人中300人)である[6][7]。死亡リスクは40%を超え、一命を取りとめても長期的な障害が残る人もいる[4]

出典

  1. ^ a b c ATLS - Advanced Trauma Life Support - Student Course Manual (10 ed.). American College of Surgeons. (2018). pp. 51. ISBN 78-0-9968262 
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Mahapatra, S; Heffner, AC (January 2020). Septic Shock. PMID 28613689. 
  3. ^ a b Sepsis Definitions and Diagnosis • LITFL • CCC Sepsis”. Life in the Fast Lane • LITFL • Medical Blog (3 November 2020). 18 January 2021時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ5 January 2021閲覧。
  4. ^ a b c “The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)”. JAMA 315 (8): 801–10. (February 2016). doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0287. PMC 4968574. PMID 26903338. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4968574/6 
  5. ^ International Trauma Life Support for Emergency Care Providers (8 ed.). Pearson Education Limited. (2018). pp. 175. ISBN 978-1292-17084-8 
  6. ^ Ronco, Claudio; Bellomo, Rinaldo; Kellum, John A. (2009) (英語). Critical Care Nephrology. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 831. ISBN 978-1-4160-4252-5. オリジナルの2021-08-29時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20210829053548/https://books.google.ca/books?id=XkKn96HThzEC&pg=PA831 2021年1月5日閲覧。 
  7. ^ FCCM, Joseph E. Parrillo, MD; MS, R. Phillip Dellinger, MD (2013) (英語). Critical Care Medicine: Principles of Diagnosis and Management in the Adult. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 339. ISBN 978-0-323-08929-6. オリジナルの2021-08-29時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20210829053812/https://books.google.ca/books?id=NXuzAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA339 2021年1月5日閲覧。 

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