セッキは1863年に初の多色の地図を作った。彼は地形を区別するために有名な探検家の名前を用いた。1869年、彼は2つの暗い直線状の地形を発見し、canali(イタリア語で溝や水路などの意味)と呼んだ[45][46][47]。1867年、イギリスのRichard A. Proctor(英語版)は1864年にウィリアム・ドーズが描いた図を利用し詳細な地図を作った。Proctorは明暗による地形(アルベド地形)を火星の観測に貢献した人物にちなみ名付けた。以後10年間ほどでカミーユ・フラマリオンやナサニエル・E・グリーンらにより同等の地図やその用語の体系が作られた[47]。
1927年、オランダのCyprianus Annius van den Boschは火星の衛星の運動をもとに火星の質量を決定し、0.2%まで正確だった。この結果は1938年ウィレム・ド・ジッターにより確認された[77]。1926年から1945年、地球近傍小惑星であるエロスを用いてEugene K. Rabe(英語版)は小惑星の摂動から内惑星だけでなく火星の質量を推定することができるようになった。彼の推定では誤差が0.05%ほどしかない[78]が後の確認で彼の結果は他の方法と比較して決定されたものだという説もある[79]。
1920年代、フランスのベルナール・リヨは旋光計を用いて月と火星の表面の性質を調査した。1929年に彼は火星表面から放出される偏光が月から放出されるものに似ていると気付いたが、彼は霜や植生の偏光によるものとして推定した。火星の大気により散乱した太陽光の量をもとに彼は、大気の厚さの上限は地球の大気の厚さの15分の1と設定した。これはつまり気圧は2.4kPa程度になるということである[80]。1947年、赤外線分光器を用いてオランダ系アメリカ人のジェラルド・カイパーは火星の大気中に二酸化炭素を発見した。彼は火星の表面の二酸化炭素の量を地球の2倍と推定した。しかし彼は火星の気圧を高く見積もり過ぎていたため、誤って極冠に二酸化炭素の氷はないと結論づけてしまった[81]。1948年、アメリカの隕石学者Seymour L. HessI(英語版)は火星の薄い雲には4mmの水が必要であり0.1kPaの蒸気圧があると突き止めた[74]。
火星のアルベド地形の最初の命名法は1960年、IAUにより導入され、アントニアディの1929年の地図から128の名前が採用された。1973年、IAUはThe Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN)を設立し、火星や別の天体への名称の案を統一した[82]。
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River in People's Republic of China Golmud River格尔木河The mouth of the Golmud at Dabusun LakeNative nameᠭᠣᠯᠮᠤᠳ (Mongolian)LocationCountryChinaProvinceQinghaiPrefectureHaixiCountyGolmudPhysical characteristicsMouthDabusun Lake • coordinates36°59′33″N 95°05′49″E / 36.992510°N 95.097056°E / 36.992510; 95.097056Basin size18,648 km2 (7,200 sq mi) Golmud RiverChinese nameTraditional Chinese格爾木�...
SMK NEGERI 4 PADALARANGSPP - SPMAInformasiDidirikanTahun 1970JenisSekolah Menengah KejuruanAkreditasiAgribisnis Pembibitan Tanaman & Kultur Jaringan A. Teknik Komputer & Jaringan A. Bisnis daring dan pemasaran B. Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak A. Kimia Industri. Teknik Elektronika Industri BKepala SekolahDra. Hj. Alfiah Wahab, M.Pd (now) Drs. Agus Rukmantara, M.M (former)Jumlah kelas49 Kelas (13 Kelas tiap tingkat)Jurusan atau peminatanAgribisnis Pembibitan Tanaman & Kultur Ja...
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This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Helsfyr station – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Oslo metro station HelsfyrGeneral informationLocationHelsfyr, OsloNorwayCoordinates59°54′46″N 10°48′3″E / 59.91278°N 10.80083°E&...
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This article uses bare URLs, which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot. Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style. Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as reFill (documentation) and Citation bot (documentation). (August 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Estadio Feliciano CáceresFull nameEstadio Feliciano CáceresLocationLuque, ParaguayOwnerSpo...
Jembatan CirahongKategori bangunan hikmat: JembatanJembatan CirahongLetakProvinsiJawa BaratPosisikm 283+745 lintas Bogor–Bandung–Banjar–Kutoarjo–YogyakartaDi atas Sungai CitanduySejarahTahun dibangun1893[1]Informasi bangunanOperatorDaerah Operasi 2 BandungPanjang Jembatan202 mNomor bangunan hikmatBH 1290Layanan Penumpang Lintas selatan Jawa: Baturraden Ekspres, Kutojaya Selatan, Pangandaran, Serayu, Lodaya, Pasundan, Argo Wilis, Turangga, Mutiara Selatan, Kahuripan, dan Malaba...
Ethnic groupBản mẫu:SHORTDESC:Ethnic group Người ShanKhu vực có số dân đáng kểMyanmarNgôn ngữTiếng Shan, tiếng Myanma, khácTôn giáoPhật giáo thượng tọa bộ, vật linh Người Shan (tiếng Shan: ; IPA: [tɑ́ɪ], tiếng Miến Điện: ရှမ်းလူမျိုး; IPA: [ʃán lùmjóʊ]; chữ Hán: 掸族; bính âm: Shànzú; Hán - Việt: Đàn tộc), còn gọi là người Đàn, là một sắc tộc thuộc nhóm sắc t�...
Lake in Chile Puyehue LakeView of the lake with Puyehue volcano in the backgroundPuyehue LakeCoordinates40°41′01″S 72°27′46″W / 40.68361°S 72.46278°W / -40.68361; -72.46278Primary inflowsGol-Gol RiverPrimary outflowsPilmaiquén RiverCatchment area1,267 km2 (489 sq mi)Basin countriesChileMax. length23 km (14 mi)Max. width11.5 km (7.1 mi)Surface area157 km2 (61 sq mi)[1]Max. depth123 m (404...