ラム(英: Lamb)は、永久門歯がない、(およその目安として)生後12か月未満の羊、またはその肉(羊肉)である。まだ母乳を摂取しているラムはミルクラムと呼ばれる。門歯のある、(およその目安として)生後1年以上の羊肉はマトン(英: Mutton)と呼ばれる。正確な定義は、羊肉#等級を参照のこと。
肉に加えて、肝臓、腎臓、胸腺、舌も食材となる。皮は革製品や毛皮として使われる。
イスラム、エルサレム神殿破壊以前の古代ユダヤ教、サマリア人、その他の中東の宗教を含む様々な宗教において、子羊は生贄の動物(英語版)として過去そして現在も、しばしば使われる。
キリスト教では、子羊はイエス・キリストの十字架上の死の象徴である。このいわゆる神の子羊はキリスト教の象徴主義や芸術においてしばしば取り上げられる。特に南欧においてイースターにラム肉を食べる習慣はこの結果である。
一歳未満の羊をラムとする解説もあるが、羊の飼育は放牧によっておこなわれるため正確な年齢の把握が不可能である。そのため、羊肉産業の盛んなオーストラリア、ニュージーランドでは門歯の数を基準として品質管理を行っている[2]。
日本における羊肉はほとんどが輸入に頼っており、その大半がオーストラリアとニュージーランドである。オーストラリア産のラムは6–10か月まで成長させたものが多いため一頭あたり20–24 kgと身が大きく、一方でニュージーランド産のラムは生後4–8か月で出荷されるため15–16 kgと小ぶりと評される[3]。
急激な経済成長を見せた中国でもラム肉の需要が増えており、日本国内でのラム肉の価格高騰につながっている。
なお、日本国内の畜産羊の飼育頭数は1万4184頭で、そのうち北海道がジンギスカン向けなどで6割を占める(2010年現在)[4]。石川県の白山山麓などでは産地化を進めるプロジェクトが実施されている[4]。
日本ではラム肉の匂いなどが敬遠されているが、フランスでは最高級の食材のひとつである。羊肉の独特の匂いに大きな役割を果たしているのは4-メチルオクタン酸、4-メチルノナン酸、4-エチルオクタン酸の3種の分岐鎖脂肪酸である[5]。
出典は列挙するだけでなく、脚注などを用いてどの記述の情報源であるかを明記してください。記事の信頼性向上にご協力をお願いいたします。(2017年9月) 第一次ミトリダテス戦争 戦争:第一次ミトリダテス戦争 年月日:紀元前88年 - 紀元前85年 場所:小アジア、ギリシア、エーゲ海 結果:ローマの勝利 交戦勢力 共和政ローマビテュニア王国 ポントス王国 指導者・
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