Taifa di Baeza

Taifa di Baeza
Dati amministrativi
CapitaleBaeza
Politica
Forma di StatoMonarchia
Nascita1224 con 'Abd Allah al-Bayasi "El Baezano"
Causaa seguito della sconfitta nella Battaglia di Las Navas de Tolosa (1212) il potere almohade in al-Andalus fu notevolmente indebolito
Fine1226 con 'Abd Allah al-Bayasi "El Baezano"
Causadopo la morte di "El Baezano" fu conquistata e annessa dal re di Castiglia, Ferdinando III
Territorio e popolazione
Evoluzione storica
Preceduto dacaliffato almohade
Succeduto daRegno di Castiglia
Ora parte diSpagna (bandiera) Spagna
Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale

La Taifa di Baeza (in arabo طائفة بياسة‎?) era un regno medievale Islamico taifa Moresco di al-Andalus, che esisteva, nell'attuale Spagna meridionale, quando il potere almohade in al-Andalus, a seguito della sconfitta nella Battaglia di Las Navas de Tolosa (1212), fu notevolmente indebolito, dal 1224 al 1226, quando fu conquistata e annessa dal re di Castiglia, Ferdinando III.
La taifa era costituita dalla città di Baeza, conosciuta all'epoca come Bayesah, ed i territori limitrofi dell'attuale Provincia di Jaén.

attuale estensione del comune di Baeza nell'attuale Provincia di Jaén.

Storia

Nel secolo XI, Baeza era parte della Taifa di Jaén, poi conquistata dalla taifa di Granada e infine, come riporta The History Of The Mohammedan Dynasties In Spain Vol II, nel 1091, assiema a Jaén e Granada venne conquistata dagli Almoravidi[1].

Quando l'Impero degli almoravidi perdette vigore, secondo la Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus, nel 1147, si erse a difensore di tutto il Levante di al-Andalus, Muhammad ibn Mardanish, figlio del governatore di Fraga Saʿd ibn Mardanīsh (discendente da una famiglia cristiana di nome Martinez)[2], che riuscì a conquistare Baeza, combattendo anche contro i cristiani[3], dopo il 1157[4].

Quando l'Impero almohade perdette vigore, dopo la sconfitta subita a Las Navas de Tolosa vi fu un terzo periodo di espansione dei regni di taifa e, dopo il 1223, il califfato almohade subì una crisi[5], e a Baeza, Muhammad Abd Allah al-Bayasi “el Baezano”, discendente dal califfo,'Abd al-Mu'min, si dichiaro emiro nella sua città natale e sconfisse gli eserciti dell'attuale califfo, Abd Allah al-'Adil,[6]; sentendosi però minacciato “el Baezano” si alleò col re di Castiglia, Ferdinando III, divenendone vassallo, come riporta il Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus[7], combattendo assieme alle truppe cristiane[6], sino a che, nel 1226, “el Baezano” fu sconfitto e a Cordova vi fu una sollevazione per cui dovette fuggire e durante la fuga fu catturato nei pressi di Almodóvar del Río, dove fu decapitato e la testa inviata al califfo a Marrakech[6], e dopo la morte di "El Baezano" fu conquistata e annessa dal re di Castiglia, Ferdinando III[8].
Per un breve periodo fu occupato dalla taifa di Arjona[8], sino a che Baeza con la città di Jaén nel 1246 (Patto di Jaén), ritornò definitivamente ai castigliani [9].

Note

  1. ^ (EN) #ES The History Of The Mohammedan Dynasties In Spain Vol II, pag. 297
  2. ^ (EN) #ES Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus, pag. 194
  3. ^ (EN) #ES The History Of The Mohammedan Dynasties In Spain Vol II, pag. 316
  4. ^ (EN) #ES The History Of The Mohammedan Dynasties In Spain Vol II, pag. 521, nota 19
  5. ^ (EN) #ES The History Of The Mohammedan Dynasties In Spain Vol II, pag. 324
  6. ^ a b c (EN) TERCEROS REINOS DE TAIFAS (<1224-1287>) - Reino taifa de Baeza (1224-1226)
  7. ^ (EN) #ES Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus, pag. 262
  8. ^ a b (EN) Iberia: al-Andalus - BAEZA
  9. ^ (EN) #ES Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus, pag. 276

Bibliografia

Fonti primarie

Letteratura storiografica

  • Rafael Altamira, "Il califfato occidentale", in: «Storia del mondo medievale», Cambridge History of Middle Age, vol. II, 1999, pp. 477–515.]
  • Rafael Altamira, La Spagna (1031-1248), in "Storia del mondo medievale", vol. V, 1999, pp. 865–896
  • La recomquista

Voci correlate

Collegamenti esterni

  Portale Islam

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