Smithson Tennant

Smithson Tennant (Selby, 30 novembre 1761 – Boulogne-sur-Mer, 22 febbraio 1815) è stato un chimico inglese, noto principalmente per aver scoperto gli elementi osmio e iridio.

Vita

Smithson Tennant nacque a Selby, nello Yorkshire. Il padre era un ecclesiastico e morì quando Tennant aveva 10 anni. Da ragazzo studiò alla Beverley Grammar School, la più antica scuola pubblica dell'Inghilterra, fondata intorno al 700 d.C.

Nel 1781 iniziò a studiare medicina all'Università di Edimburgo, sotto al guida di Joseph Black. Nel 1782 si spostò a Cambridge dove si dedicò alla chimica e alla botanica. Alla morte della madre ereditò delle terre nei dintorni di Selby. Negli anni 1784-1786 viaggiò in Danimarca, Svezia, Francia e Paesi Bassi; in questi paesi incontrò Carl Scheele, Johan Gottlieb Gahn, Claude Louis Berthollet e forse anche Antoine Lavoisier. Questi incontri gli dettero una visione della chimica lontana dalle tradizionali idee flogistiche. Nel 1786 tornò a Cambridge dove nel 1796 si laureò in medicina. Non esercitò però mai la professione di medico e si dedicò alla chimica.

Nel 1785, a soli 24 anni, venne eletto membro della Royal Society, e nel 1804 fu insignito della medaglia Copley per la scoperta di iridio e osmio. Nel 1813 fu nominato professore di chimica a Cambridge. Poté tenere un solo ciclo di lezioni sulla storia e i principi della chimica, perché morì nel 1815 nei pressi di Boulogne-sur-Mer per il crollo di un ponte che stava attraversando a cavallo.

Non ci sono pervenuti ritratti di Tennant.

Ricerche

Tennant si interessò di vari argomenti di chimica inorganica, ma scrisse poche pubblicazioni.

Un notevole risultato fu ottenuto nel 1797 con la dimostrazione che grafite e diamante erano chimicamente la stessa sostanza, ma differivano per il modo di aggregazione.[1] Il risultato fu ottenuto osservando che campioni di carbone e diamante dello stesso peso in seguito a combustione producevano la stessa quantità di diossido di carbonio.

Il suo risultato più famoso rimane tuttavia la scoperta nel 1804 di due nuovi elementi, iridio e osmio, che isolò dai residui di soluzioni di minerali di platino.[2] Tennant battezzò l'iridio con questo nome dal latino iris = arcobaleno, perché il metallo reagendo dava luogo a composti di molti colori diversi. L'altro fu chiamato osmio, dal greco οσμη = odore, perché il suo ossido, OsO4, aveva un odore particolarmente pungente.

Porta inoltre il suo nome il minerale tennantite.

Note

  1. ^ S. Tennant, On the nature of diamond, in Phil. Trans., vol. 87, 1797, pp. 123-127. URL consultato il 12 dicembre 2010.
  2. ^ S. Tennant, On two metals, found in the black powder remaining after the solution of platina, in Phil. Trans., vol. 94, 1804, pp. 411-418. URL consultato il 12 dicembre 2010.

Bibliografia

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN) 43034850 · ISNI (EN) 0000 0000 5149 6481 · CERL cnp01130700 · LCCN (EN) nr93012837 · GND (DE) 13370808X
  Portale Biografie

Read other articles:

Dersu Uzala (film 1975)

Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang film Kurosawa. Untuk sebuah film sebelumnya dengan judul yang sama, lihat Dersu Uzala (film 1961). Dersu Uzala(Дерсу Узала)(デルス·ウザーラ)Poster film asliSutradaraAkira KurosawaProduserYoichi MatsueNikolai SizovDitulis olehAkira KurosawaYuri NagibinBerdasarkanBuku:Vladimir ArsenyevPemeranMaxim MunzukYury SolominPenata musikIsaak ShvartsSinematograferAsakazu NakaiYuri GantmanFyodor DobronravovPenyuntingValentina StepanovaPerusahaanpr...

 

Mazmur 107

Mazmur 107Huruf Ibrani Nun ditulis terbalik pada Mazmur 107:20-26 dalam Kodeks Leningrad (1008 M.)KitabKitab MazmurKategoriKetuvimBagian Alkitab KristenPerjanjian LamaUrutan dalamKitab Kristen19← Mazmur 106 Mazmur 108 → Mazmur 107 (disingkat Maz 107 atau Mz 107; penomoran Septuaginta: Mazmur 106) adalah sebuah mazmur dalam Kitab Mazmur di Alkitab Ibrani dan Perjanjian Lama di Alkitab Kristen. Tidak ditulis nama pengarang mazmur ini.[1][2] Teks Naskah-naskah kuno ya...

 

Calendrier de Coligny

Calendrier de Coligny Calendrier de Coligny,Musée Lugdunum à Lyon. Période IIe siècle Culture gauloise Date de découverte novembre 1897 Lieu de découverte Coligny, France Coordonnées 46° 22′ 59″ nord, 5° 20′ 46″ est Conservation Musée gallo-romain de Fourvière Géolocalisation sur la carte : France Calendrier gauloisCalendrier gaulois modifier  Le calendrier de Coligny, ou « calendrier gaulois », est une grande table...

Woippy

Woippy La maison de Biche. Héraldique Administration Pays France Région Grand Est Département Moselle Arrondissement Metz Intercommunalité Metz Métropole Maire Mandat Cédric Gouth 2020-2026 Code postal 57140 Code commune 57751 Démographie Gentilé Woippycien(ne)s Populationmunicipale 14 302 hab. (2021 ) Densité 862 hab./km2 Géographie Coordonnées 49° 09′ 07″ nord, 6° 09′ 08″ est Altitude Max. 304 m Superficie 16,59 km...

 

List of meat substitutes

A vegetarian patty prepared from crushed soybean, avocado, tomato and beetroot. This is a list of meat substitutes. A meat substitute, also called a meat analogue, approximates certain aesthetic qualities (primarily texture, flavor and appearance) or chemical characteristics of a specific meat. Substitutes are often based on soybeans (such as tofu and tempeh), gluten, or peas.[1] Whole legumes are often used as a protein source in vegetarian dishes, but are not listed here. General V...

 

Манга тайсё

Манга тайсёマンガ大賞 Страна  Япония Награда за лучшую серию манги Учредитель Исполнительный комитет Манги тайсё Основание 2008 Всего 17 Первый обладатель Синъити Исидзука за Gaku: Minna no Yama Последний обладатель Инухико Доронода за Kimi to Uchu o Aruku Tame ni Сайт mangataisho.com Манга тайсё ...

John Hickenlooper

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Hickenlooper. John Hickenlooper Portrait officiel de John Hickenlooper (2021). Fonctions Sénateur des États-Unis En fonction depuis le 3 janvier 2021(3 ans, 3 mois et 14 jours) Élection 3 novembre 2020 Circonscription Colorado Législature 117e Groupe politique Démocrate Prédécesseur Cory Gardner Président de l'Associationnationale des gouverneurs 13 juillet 2014 – 25 juillet 2015(1 an et 12 jours) Vice-président Gary Herbe...

 

David S. Nahom

David S. NahomBorn1966 (age 57–58)Brookfield, Connecticut, USAllegianceUnited StatesService/branchUnited States Air ForceYears of service1988–presentRankLieutenant GeneralCommands heldAlaskan North American Aerospace Defense RegionAlaskan CommandEleventh Air Force3rd Wing18th Operations Group60th Fighter SquadronBattles/warsGulf WarIraq WarAwardsAir Force Distinguished Service MedalDefense Superior Service Medal (2)Legion of Merit (2)Distinguished Flying Cross (2) David Sist...

 

National Investigations Committee On Aerial Phenomena

U.S. based civilian UFO research group This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: National Investigations Committee On Aerial Phenomena – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) National Investigations Committee On Aerial Phenomena(...

Sungai Wei (anak sungai Xiang)

Sungai Wei沩水河Sungai Wei di pusat kota Ningxiang.Lokasi di Hunan.Ciri-ciri fisikHulu sungaiKota praja Weishan - lokasiNingxiang, Hunan Muara sungaiSungai Xiang - koordinat28°23′17″N 112°48′26″E / 28.388081328541055°N 112.80734700049403°E / 28.388081328541055; 112.80734700049403Koordinat: 28°23′17″N 112°48′26″E / 28.388081328541055°N 112.80734700049403°E / 28.388081328541055; 112.80734700049403Panj...

 

The Shipping News

1993 novel by E. Annie Proulx For the indie rock band, see Shipping News. For the film, see The Shipping News (film). The Shipping News First editionAuthorE. Annie ProulxCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishGenreNovelPublisherScribnerPublication date1993Media typePrint (hardback & paperback)ISBN0-684-19337-X (first edition, hard)OCLC26502801Dewey Decimal813/.54 20LC ClassPS3566.R697 S4 1993 The Shipping News is a novel by American author E. Annie Proulx and published by Charles Sc...

 

Bartolomeo Cristofori

Italian maker of musical instruments Cristofori redirects here. For the surname, see Cristofori (surname). For other uses, see Cristofori (disambiguation). Bartolomeo CristoforiPhoto of a 1726 portrait of Bartolomeo Cristofori. The original was lost in the Second World War.BornBartolomeo Cristofori di Francesco(1655-05-04)May 4, 1655Padua, Republic of VeniceDiedJanuary 27, 1731(1731-01-27) (aged 75)Florence, Grand Duchy of TuscanyOccupation(s)Inventor, instrument makerKnown forInven...

Tailleur de pierre

Tailleur de pierreTailleur de pierre en train de tracer son bloc à l'aide d'une pointe et d'une règlePrésentationForme féminine Tailleuse de pierreSecteur Bâtiment, funéraireMétiers voisins Carrier, sculpteur, graveur, maçonCompétencesCompétences requises Pose, ravalement[1]CodesCITP 2452, 7122IDEO (France) 10021ROME (France) F1612modifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Le tailleur de pierre est un professionnel du bâtiment, artisan ou compagnon (l'appellation ouvrier est r...

 

New Model Army (band)

English rock band This article is about the band. For the 17th-century Parliamentarian military, see New Model Army. New Model ArmyNew Model Army performing in 2022, left to right: Dean White (keyboards and guitar), Michael Dean (drums), Justin Sullivan (vocals and guitar), Ceri Monger (bass).Background informationOriginBradford, EnglandGenresPunk rock[1]post-punk[1]folk rock[1]Years active1980 (1980)–presentLabelsAbstractEMIEpicEagleearMUSICAttack AttackMembers...

 

Lake Estancia

Prehistoric lake in New Mexico, United States Lake EstanciaLake EstanciaLocation of Lake Estancia in New MexicoA map of the position of the former shorelines of Lake EstanciaLocationEstancia Valley, New MexicoCoordinates35°N 106°W / 35°N 106°W / 35; -106Typeformer lakeMax. length56 kilometres (35 miles)Max. width37 kilometres (23 miles) Lake Estancia was a lake formed in the Estancia Valley, central New Mexico, which left various coastal landforms in the valley. Th...

Somatotype and constitutional psychology

Taxonomy to categorize human physiques Endomorph redirects here. For the mathematical concept, see Endomorphism. Mesomorph redirects here. For the state of matter, see Mesophase. This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article may lend undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. Please help improve it by rewriting it in a balanced fashion that contextualizes d...

 

Penalty (golf)

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (June 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: the Rules of Golf were updated in 2019....

 

الحزب الشيوعي البرازيلي

الحزب الشيوعي البرازيلي   البلد البرازيل  تاريخ التأسيس 18 فبراير 1962  عدد الأعضاء 396.542 [1]،  و402430 [2]  المقر الرئيسي برازيليا  الأيديولوجيا شيوعية  الموقع الرسمي الموقع الرسمي  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   الحزب الشيوعي البرازيلي (Partido Comunista do Brasil) هوحزب �...

Tiếng Basque

Tiếng BasqueeuskaraSử dụng tạiTây Ban Nha, PhápKhu vựcXứ BasqueTổng số người nói750.000434,000 người hiểu nhưng không nói được[1]6,000 chỉ nói duy nhất tiếng Basque[2][3]Dân tộcBasquePhân loạiNgôn ngữ tách biệtNgôn ngữ tiền thânBasque nguyên thủy AquitaniTiếng Basque Phương ngữBiscay Gipuzkoa Thượng Navarre Hạ Navarre–Labourd Đông Navarre Soule (Zuberoa) Hệ chữ viếtLatinh (biến thể t...

 

Tony Halme

Finnish boxer and politician (1963–2010) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Tony Halme – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Tony HalmeHalme (in white shirt) in 2006 watching a bandBornTony Christian Halme(1963-01-06)January 6...