Ojmjakon

Ojmjakon
località abitata
(RU) Оймякон

(SAH) Өймөөкөн

Ojmjakon – Veduta
Ojmjakon – Veduta
Localizzazione
StatoRussia (bandiera) Russia
Circondario federaleEstremo Oriente
Soggetto federale Sacha-Jacuzia
Rajon
Amministrazione
SindacoRoza P. Kondalkova
Territorio
Coordinate63°27′46.61″N 142°47′13.09″E
Altitudine745 m s.l.m.
Abitanti800 circa (2021)
Altre informazioni
Linguerusso, jakuto
Cod. postale678752
Prefisso41154
Fuso orarioUTC+10
Cartografia
Mappa di localizzazione: Circondario federale dell'Estremo Oriente
Ojmjakon
Ojmjakon

Ojmjakon (in russo Оймякон?, in jakuto Өймөөкөн, Öymöökön) è un villaggio e comune localizzato presso il fiume Indigirka nel nord-est della Repubblica di Sacha-Jacuzia nell'est della Siberia, in Russia. Ha circa 800 abitanti. È la località abitata con la temperatura più bassa mai registrata (-71,2 °C)

Ogni anno, in gennaio, è sede della cosiddetta “maratona più fredda del mondo”.

Etimologia del nome

Nel linguaggio locale ojmjakon significa ‘acqua non congelata’: tale termine potrebbe essere stato attribuito al villaggio a causa della sua vicinanza ad una sorgente calda naturale. Secondo un'altra ipotesi, il nome deriverebbe invece da ejumu (hэйуму), che nella lingua sacha significa ‘lago ghiacciato’.[1]

Clima

Ojmjakon è uno dei candidati, insieme a Verchojansk e Tomtor, per l'appellativo di polo nord del freddo (i "poli del freddo" sono i posti nell'emisfero sud e nord dove è stata registrata la temperatura più bassa dell'aria) in quanto il 6 febbraio 1933 fu registrata una temperatura di −67,7 °C[2].

Ad ogni modo c'è un monumento intorno alla piazza principale che parla di un valore di −71.2 °C che sarebbe stato raggiunto nel gennaio 1926[3], ma in questo caso si tratta di un dato estrapolato. Infatti questi valori vengono calcolati a partire dalle normali differenze termiche tra le zone in quelle condizioni.

In estate invece la temperatura media è di soli 13,5 °C, cioè 22 °C massima, 5 °C minima.

Ojmjakon
(1991-2020)
Fonte:[4]
Mesi Stagioni Anno
Gen Feb Mar Apr Mag Giu Lug Ago Set Ott Nov Dic InvPriEst Aut
T. max. media (°C) −42,1−35,8−19,8−3,09,720,023,018,59,1−8,3−30,2−41,9−39,9−4,420,5−9,8−8,4
T. media (°C) −45,7−42,2−30,2−12,73,512,715,310,82,5−13,8−34,4−45,0−44,3−13,112,9−15,2−14,9
T. min. media (°C) −49,3−47,6−39,2−22,9−3,54,46,93,2−3,3−19,2−38,8−48,3−48,4−21,94,8−20,4−21,5
T. max. assoluta (°C) −16,6
(1980)
−12,5
(2014)
2,0
(1952)
11,7
(1984)
26,2
(1971)
31,6
(2021)
34,6
(2010)
33,1
(2011)
23,7
(2000)
11,0
(1954)
−2,1
(1968)
−6,0
(1980)
−6,026,234,623,734,6
T. min. assoluta (°C) −71,2
(1926)
−67,7
(1933)
−60,6
(1951)
−46,4
(1950)
−28,9
(1946)
−9,7
(2003)
−9,3
(1966)
−17,1
(1968)
−25,3
(1955)
−47,6
(1952)
−58,5
(1960)
−62,8
(1984)
−71,2−60,6−17,1−58,5−71,2
Nuvolosità (okta al giorno) 5,75,65,25,77,27,37,17,17,57,16,55,65,66,07,27,06,5
Precipitazioni (mm) 6755153946382413137202512350218
Giorni di pioggia 000,030,410,017,017,018,013,01,00,00,00,010,452,014,076,4
Nevicate (cm) 24283024300000615675706130
Giorni di neve 23231610910,20,39,021,023,020,066,035,01,553,0155,5
Giorni di nebbia 10,10,030,21,03,05,07,04,01,00,32,03,11,215,05,324,6
Umidità relativa media (%) 75747268605965707379777474,366,764,776,370,5
Vento (direzione-m/s) NE
0,2
W
0,3
W
0,6
W
1,4
W
2,4
W
2,4
W
1,9
W
1,8
W
1,7
W
1,1
NE
0,3
NE
0,2
0,21,52,01,01,2

Popolazione

Abitanti censiti

Note

  1. ^ Nella tundra a meno 70 dove il gelo allunga la vita, su Repubblica.it.
  2. ^ (EN) Christopher C. Burt, The Coldest Places on Earth, su Weather Underground (archiviato dall'url originale il 19 marzo 2016).
  3. ^ (EN) Chilling Out – Visiting the Coldest Town in the World, su youtube.com.
  4. ^ (RU) Климатические таблицы. Данные для Оймякона.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN144441989 · LCCN (ENn2002040799 · J9U (ENHE987007475703605171
  Portale Russia: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che parlano della Russia

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