Rajon

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Il rajon o raion (in russo райо́н? ascoltaⓘ; in ucraino райо́н?; in bielorusso раён?, raën; in azero rayon; in lettone rajons; in romeno raion; in georgiano რაიონი?, raioni; in kazako аудан?, aýdan) è una suddivisione amministrativa di secondo livello tipica di alcuni paesi appartenenti all'ex Unione Sovietica. Il termine può essere tradotto approssimativamente con "provincia" o "distretto".

Caratteri generali

Il termine fu introdotto nella riforma amministrativa sovietica del 1923-1929 che trasformò molti volosti e uezdy dell'Impero russo in rajon. Un rajon è tipicamente un'entità amministrativa di secondo livello: è subordinato, ad esempio, alle regioni della Bielorussia, alle regioni dell'Ucraina o alle regioni della Russia. Sempre in Russia, d'altra parte, un rajon può rappresentare una suddivisione sottordinata a un kraj, a una repubblica, a un circondario autonomo o a una Città federale, mentre, in Ucraina, a una megalopoli (Kiev e Sebastopoli) o alla Repubblica autonoma di Crimea. In Azerbaigian costituisce invece una suddivisione di primo livello.

Storicamente, un rajon costituisce la ripartizione di una piccola Repubblica Sovietica, oblast', kraj o alla megalopoli di una grande Repubblica Sovietica dell'ex-Unione Sovietica Di solito i rajony (in russo районы?) hanno un minimo di autonomia nella forma di un rajsoviet (consiglio di raion) eletto dal popolo e il locale presidente del raion talvolta eletto dal popolo, talvolta cooptato.

Stati ex-URSS

Stato N° distretti Denominazione
(al singolare)
Azerbaigian (bandiera) Azerbaigian[1] 66 distretti rayon
Bielorussia (bandiera) Bielorussia[2] 118 distretti rajon - раён
Georgia (bandiera) Georgia[3] Sostituiti da 67 municipalità raioni - რაიონი
Kazakistan (bandiera) Kazakistan[4] 170 distretti awdany - ауданы
Kirghizistan (bandiera) Kirghizistan[5] 44 distretti rajony - району
Lettonia (bandiera) Lettonia[6] 26 distretti (aboliti) apriņķis
Moldavia (bandiera) Moldavia[7] 32 distretti raionul
Russia (bandiera) Russia distretti rajon - район
Tagikistan (bandiera) Tagikistan[8] 58 distretti nohiya - ноҳия
Turkmenistan (bandiera) Turkmenistan[9] 59 distretti etrap
Ucraina (bandiera) Ucraina[10] 136 distretti rajon - район
Uzbekistan (bandiera) Uzbekistan[11] 173 distretti tuman

Russia

Rajon amministrativi

Le singole voci sono elencate nella Categoria:Rajon della Russia.

Dopo la caduta dell'Unione Sovietica la suddivisione in rajon è rimasta in gran parte immutata. Il rajon può essere una divisione amministrativa di una delle repubbliche autonome o di una grande città. In alcuni stati federali, tuttavia, la terminologia è cambiata per riflettere le specificità nazionali:

Rajon municipali

Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Distretto municipale (Russia).

Un rajon municipale o distretto municipale (in russo муниципа́льный райо́н?, municipál'nyj rajón) è una suddivisione che comprende un gruppo di insediamenti urbani e/o rurali, o anche insediamenti inter-territoriali che insistono su una stessa area. I raion municipali sono formati per regola entro i confini di distretti amministrativi esistenti, seppur con alcune eccezioni. Nerjungrinskij, ad esempio, rajon municipale in Sacha-Jakuzia, è collocato attorno alla città di Nerjungri, che non ha né status né è parte di un rajon amministrativo.

Rajon intraurbani

Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Comuni della Russia.

Un rajon intraurbano o distretto intraurbano (in russo внутригородской район?, vnutrigorodskoj rajon) è una forma di comune intraurbano, una suddivisione interna di alcuni comuni e città federali della Russia.

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Districts of Azerbaijan, su statoids.com.
  2. ^ (EN) Districts of Belarus, su statoids.com.
  3. ^ (EN) Districts of Georgia, su statoids.com.
  4. ^ (EN) Rayons of Kazakhstan, su statoids.com.
  5. ^ (EN) Districts of Kyrgyzstan, su statoids.com.
  6. ^ (EN) Municipalities of Latvia, su statoids.com.
  7. ^ (EN) Districts of Moldova, su statoids.com.
  8. ^ (EN) Districts of Tajikistan, su statoids.com.
  9. ^ (EN) Districts of Turkmenistan, su statoids.com.
  10. ^ (EN) Raions of Ukraine, su statoids.com.
  11. ^ (EN) Districts of Uzbekistan, su statoids.com.

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Controllo di autoritàGND (DE) 4402766-7
  Portale Russia

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