Acetaldehido

Acetaldehido
Identificadores
Número CAS 75-07-0
PubChem 177
ChemSpider 172
UNII GO1N1ZPR3B
Número CE 200-836-8
KEGG C00084
ChEBI CHEBI:15343
ChEMBL CHEMBL170365
Ligando IUPHAR 6277
Número RTECS AB1925000
Imaxes 3D Jmol Image 1
Image 2
Propiedades
Fórmula molecular C2H4O
Masa molar 44,05 g mol−1
Aspecto Líquido incoloro
Olor a éter
Densidade 0,784 g·cm−3 (20 °C) [2]

0.7904–0.7928 g·cm−3 (10 °C)[2]

Punto de fusión −12 337 °C; −22 175 °F; −12 064 K
Punto de ebulición 202 °C; 396 °F; 475 K
Solubilidade en auga soluble
Solubilidade miscible en etanol, éter, benceno, tolueno, xileno, trementina, acetona
lixeiramente soluble en cloroformo
log P -0,34
Presión de vapor 740 mmHg (20 °C)[3]
Acidez (pKa) 13,57
Índice de refracción (nD) 1,3316
Viscosidade ~0,215 a 20 °C
Estrutura
Forma da molécula trigonal planar (sp²) a C1
tetrahedral (sp³) a C2
Momento dipolar 2,7 D
Termoquímica
Entalpía estándar
de formación
ΔfHo298
−166 kJ·mol−1
Entropía molar
estándar
So298
250 J·mol−1·K−1
Perigosidade
Pictogramas GHS O pictograma do lume no Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)

Pictograma do signo de exclamación no Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)O pictograma de risco para a saúde do Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)[4]

declaración de perigosidade GHS 224 319 335 351[4]
declaración de precaución GHS 210 261 281 305+351+338[4]
Clasificación da UE Extremadamente inflamable F+ Nocivo Xn Carc. Cat. 3
Frases R R12 R36/37 R40
Frases S S2 S16 S33 S36/37
Principais perigos carcinóxeno laboral potencial[5]
NFPA 704
4
2
2
Punto de inflamabilidade 23 142 °C; 41 687 °F; 23 415 K
Límites de explosividade 4,0–60%
LD50 1930 mg/kg (rata, oral)

Se non se indica outra cousa, os datos están tomados en condicións estándar de 25 °C e 100 kPa.

O acetaldehido ou etanal (CH3CHO) é un líquido incoloro, tóxico e volátil que se obtén comercialmente por oxidación do alcohol etílico e por hidratación do acetileno. Emprégase como disolvente e nas industrias de plásticos e colorantes utilízase na elaboración de varios compostos orgánicos.

Historia

O etanal foi sintetizado por primeira vez en 1782 por George Heinrich Adolf Scheele mediante a oxidación de etanol con dióxido de manganeso (MnO2). A súa fórmula foi pescudada por primeira vez por Liebig en 1835 que lle deu o nome de acetaldehido.

Notas

  1. SciFinderScholar (acceso 4 nov 2009). Acetaldehyde (75-07-0) Substance Detail.
  2. 2,0 2,1 Stoffdaten Acetaldehyd bei Celanese Chemicals. Arquivado 17 de maio de 2008 en Wayback Machine. en decembro de 1999.
  3. "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards #0001". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 
  4. 4,0 4,1 4,2 Sigma-Aldrich Co. Retrieved on 2013-07-20.
  5. "Acetaldehyde". NIOSH. 4 de decembro de 2014. Consultado o 12 February 2015. 

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