Teollisuusyhteiskunta

Tehtaita ja voimalinjoja Ruhrin teollisuusalueella Oberhausenissa, Saksassa.

Teollisuusyhteiskunta on yhteiskunta, jonka käytettävissä oleva teknologia mahdollistaa hyödykkeiden massatuotanto tehtaissa, ja jossa teollinen massatuotanto on pääasiallinen tuotantotapa ja ihmisten arkea määrittävä ilmiö. Teollisuusyhteiskunnan rakenne on suunniteltu mahdollistamaan tehtaissa tapahtuva laajamittainen tuotanto. Teollisuusyhteiskuntaa on luonnehtinut myös väestön jakautuminen tehdastyöläisiin sekä tehtaiden omistajiin.[1]

Teollisuusyhteiskunta sai alkunsa teollisesta vallankumouksesta, kun kasvanut kivihiilen hyödyntäminen tarjosi aivan uuden energiamäärän ihmisen avuksi. James Wattin vuonna 1769 keksimä höyrykone mahdollisti kivihiilen tuottaman lämpöenergian muuntamisen liikkeeksi, mikä lisäsi sen käyttötarkoituksia ja kysyntää.[2] Ensimmäisinä teollistuivat Eurooppa ja Yhdysvallat. Siirtymä maatalousvaltaisesta elämäntavasta teolliseen johti suuriin yhteisöllisiin mullistuksiin. Ihmiset siirtyivät maaseudulta teollisuuskeskuksiin, mikä johti nopeaan kaupungistumiseen. Teknologian kehitys mahdollisti elintarviketuotannon ylläpitämisen, vaikka maatalouden työvoima väheni. Työnjako erikoistui, ja yhteiskuntaluokkien eroista muodostui suuria.[1]

1900-luvun jälkipuoliskolta alkaen monet länsimaat ovat siirtyneet jälkiteolliseen yhteiskuntaan. Siinä aineettomien hyödykkeiden eli palvelujen tuotanto ja kulutus muodostavat teollisuutta ja maataloutta suuremman osan kansantaloudesta.[1] Jälkiteollisen yhteiskunnan työnjako on teollista yhteiskuntaa löyhempi.[3] Samalla teollisuustuotantoa on siirtynyt länsimaista kehittyviin maihin, kuten Kiinaan.[1]

Katso myös

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c d Crossman, Ashley: What Is an Industrial Society? ThoughtCo. 5.4.2023. Dotdash Meredith, Inc. Viitattu 19.11.2024. (englanniksi)
  2. ↑ Wrigley, Tony: Opening Pandora’s box: A new look at the industrial revolution VoxEU. 22.7.2011. Centre for Economic Policy Research. Viitattu 20.11.2024. (englanniksi)
  3. ↑ Brown, Garrett W.; McLean, Iain & McMillan, Alistair: ”industrial society”, A Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics and International Relations. (4th edition) Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. ISBN 978-0-19-174956-8 (englanniksi)
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