Heparaanisulfaatti

Heparaanisulfaatin rakenne

Heparaanisulfaatti on yksi glykosaminoglykaaneista. Sitä esiintyy kaikissa eläimissä erityisesti osana solukalvoa.

Rakenne, esiintyminen ja merkitys

Heparaanisulfaatin rakenteessa toistuvat glukosamiini- ja glukuronihappoyksiköt, jotka ovat liittyneet toisiinsa 1,4-glykosidisella sidoksella.. Glukosamiiniin on liittynyt myös sulfonaattiryhmiä, jotka tekevät polymeeristä negatiivisesti varautuneen. Heparaanisulfaatti esiintyy tyypillisestiproteaglykaanina eli liittyneenä solun pinnan proteiiniin.[1][2]

Heparaanisulfaattia esiintyy soluväliainessa sekä solukalvoissa, muun muassa verisuonissa, ihossa, sydämessä, keuhkoissa ja maksassa. Heparaanisulfaatti osallistuu solujen kasvun ja erikoistumisen säätelyyn sitoutumalla kasvutekijöihin ja on merkittävässä asemassa muun muassa syöpäsolujen kehittymisessä, on antikoagulantti eli estää veren hyytymistä, osallistuu tulehdusreaktioihin vuorovaikuttamalla selektiinien kanssa. Heparaanisulfaatilla on merkitystä myös lois- ja virusinfektioissa. Muun muassa malarialoisiolla on proteiini, joka vuorovaikuttaa heparaanisulfaatin kanssa ja auttaa loisiata tarttumaan soluun, myös eräät virukset toimivat samoin. Heparaanisulfaatti on tärkeässä osassa myös solujen välisessä vuorovaikutuksessa.[1][2][3][4][5]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b John F. Robyt: Essentials of carbohydrate chemistry, s. 191. Springer, 1998. ISBN 978-0-387-94951-2 Kirja Googlen teoshaussa Viitattu 31.10.2012. (englanniksi)
  2. ↑ a b Hari G. Garg,Mary K. Cowman,Charles A. Hales: Carbohydrate Chemistry, Biology and Medical Applications, s. 227–238. Elsevier, 2008. ISBN 978-0-08-054816-6 Kirja Googlen teoshaussa Viitattu 31.10.2012. (englanniksi)
  3. ↑ Reginald Garrett,Charles M. Grisham: Biochemistry, s. 242. Cengage Learning, 2008. ISBN 978-0495109358 Kirja Googlen teoshaussa Viitattu 31.10.2012. (englanniksi)
  4. ↑ Chi-Huey Wong: Carbohydrate-Based Drug Discovery, s. 409–416. John Wiley & Sons, 2006. ISBN 978-3-527-60578-1 Kirja Googlen teoshaussa Viitattu 31.10.2012. (englanniksi)
  5. ↑ Muut glykosaminoglykaanit Solunetti. Viitattu 31.10.2012.
Tämä biologiaan liittyvä artikkeli on tynkä. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa laajentamalla artikkelia.
Hiilihydraatit
Pääjoukko
Geometria
Suuri / pieni
Pentoosit
Heksoosit
Disakkaridit
Polysakkaridit
Glykosaminoglykaanit
Aminoglykosidit

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