Shōwa Aroa

Japoniako historia


Shōwa Aroa (japonieraz: 昭和時代 Shōwa jidai?) Japoniako historiaren aroa da, 1926ko abenduaren 25etik 1989ko urtarrilaren 7 arte, hau da, Shōwa enperadorearen agintaldia, hedatzen dena.[1]

Herriari eta armadari irakurri zitzaien bere koroatze-hitzaldian, Shōwa enperadoreak japoniar aro edo nengō izen hau aipatu zuen: "Frantziako Gerra Handiko gudu-zelaiak bisitatu ditut. Hondamen horren aurrean, bakearen bedeinkazioa eta nazioen arteko adostasunaren beharra ulertzen ditut."[2]

Shōwa Aroa enperadore japoniar guztien erregealdirik luzeena izan zen. Garai honetan, Japonia anabasa politikora jaitsi zen kapitalismoaren momentuko kolapsoarekin eta komunismoaren mehatxu gero eta handiagoak ultranazionalismoari bide eman zion. 1937an, Txina inbaditu zuen, eta 1941ean, Pearl Harbor estatubatuar itsas-basea eraso zuenean, Bigarren Mundu Gerrako gatazkan sartu zen. 1945eko abuztuaren hasieran, Japoniak bi eraso nuklear jasan zituen Estatu Batuek bidalitako bonba atomikoekin.

Bigarren Mundu Gerrako porrotak aldaketa garrantzitsu bat ekarri zuen. Bere historian lehen aldiz eta modu bakarrean, atzerriko potentzia batek Japonia okupatu zuen zazpi urtez. Estatubatuarren okupazioak erreforma handiak egin zituen eta, 1952an, Japonia nazio subirano bihurtu zen beste behin. 1960ko eta 1970eko hamarkadak Mendebaldeko Alemaniaren antzeko mirari ekonomikoa izan ziren. Horrela, Japonia munduko bigarren ekonomiarik handiena bihurtu zen, eta une batez Estatu Batuak superpotentzia ekonomiko gisa gaindituko zituela zirudien, 1990eko hamarkadaren hasieran Japonian burbuila finantzario eta inmobiliarioa amildu zen arte. Aldi horretan Japoniako kulturaren, paisaiaren eta historiaren izaera zela eta, baliagarria da gutxienez hiru zatitan banatzea: aldi militarista (1927-1945), okupazio estatubatuarra (1945-1952) eta okupazioaren ondorengo aroa (1952-1989). Hiru hauei, Taishō demokrazia erori zen garaia gehi dakieke (1927-1937), baita Japoniak Txina-Japoniar Bigarren Gerra (1937-1945) eta Ozeano Bareko gerrak (1941-1945) borrokatu zituen garaia ere, azken hauek aro militaristaren zatitzat har daitezkeen arren.

Erreferentziak

  1. ↑ Sakaiya, Taichi. (1995). ¿Qué es Japón? Contradicciones y transformaciones. Andrés Bello, 324 or. ISBN 9-56131-347-2..
  2. ↑ (Ingelesez) Durschmied, Erik. (2002). Blood of Revolution: From the Reign of Terror to the Rise of Khomeini. , 254 or..

Kanpo estekak


Historia
Japonia
 Artikulu hau Japoniako historiari buruzko zirriborroa da. Wikipedia lagun dezakezu edukia osatuz.

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