Nyawaygi language

Nyawaygi
Nyawaygi
Nywaigi, Geugagi, Njawigi, Nyawigi, Nawagi
Native to	Australia
Region	Queensland
Ethnicity	Nyawaygi
Extinct	2009, with the death of Willie Seaton
Language family	Pama–Nyungan Dyirbalic Nyawaygic Nyawaygi; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	nyt
Glottolog	nyaw1247
AIATSIS	Y129
ELP	Nyawaygi

The Nyawaygi language, also spelt Nywaigi, Geugagi, Njawigi, Nyawigi or Nawagi, is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language that was spoken by the Nyawaygi people in North Queensland, on the east coast of Australia. The Nyawaygi language region includes the landscape within the Hinchinbrook Regional Council, Halifax Bay, and Rollingstone.^[3]^[4]

Nyawaygi has the smallest number of consonants, 12, of any Australian language. It has 7 conjugations,^{[clarification needed]} 3 open and 4 closed, the latter including monosyllabic roots, and, in this regard, conserved a feature of proto-Pama–Nyungan lost from contiguous languages.^[5]

Phonology

Consonants

	Peripheral		Laminal	Apical
	Labial	Velar	Palatal	Alveolar	Retroflex
Plosive	b	ɡ	ɟ	(d)
Nasal	m	ŋ	ɲ	n
Rhotic				r
Lateral				l
Approximant	w		j		ɻ

Unlike most Australian languages, [d] occurs as an allophone of /r/ when after a consonant. /r/ is heard as [r] in all other environments.
Palatal sounds /ɟ, ɲ/ can occasionally be heard as dental sounds [d̪, n̪].
/r/ can also occasionally be heard as a tap [ɾ].
/ɻ/ can be heard as a flap [ɽ] in word-final positions.^[5]

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i iː		u uː
Open		a aː

Vocabulary

Some words from the Nyawaygi language, as spelt and written by Nyawaygi authors include:^[3]

Alu 'head'
Angal 'boomerang'
Balgan 'stone'
Buramu 'butterfly'
Gabagan 'aunt'
Touca tula 'good day'
Wadi 'laugh'
Yunggul 'one'

Notes

^ Dixon, R. M. W. (10 December 2010). I Am a Linguist: With a Foreword by Peter Matthews. BRILL. ISBN 978-9004192355.
^ Y129 Nyawaygi at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
^ ^a ^b This Wikipedia article incorporates text from Nyawaygi published by the State Library of Queensland under CC BY licence, accessed on 30 May 2022.
^ Crump, Des (30 November 2020). "Language of the Week: Week Twenty-Seven - Nywaigi". State Library Of Queensland. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
^ ^a ^b Dixon, R. M. W. (1983). "Nyawagyi". In Dixon, Robert M. W.; Blake, Barry J. (eds.). Handbook of Australian Languages. Vol. 3. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 431–523. ISBN 978-9-027-27353-6.

External links

Nywaigi Language Recordings, State Library of Queensland

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[1] Dixon, R. M. W. (10 December 2010). I Am a Linguist: With a Foreword by Peter Matthews. BRILL. ISBN 978-9004192355.

[AIATSIS-2] Y129 Nyawaygi at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies

[:SLQ123-3] This Wikipedia article incorporates text from Nyawaygi published by the State Library of Queensland under CC BY licence, accessed on 30 May 2022.

[4] Crump, Des (30 November 2020). "Language of the Week: Week Twenty-Seven - Nywaigi". State Library Of Queensland. Retrieved 30 November 2023.

[:0-5] Dixon, R. M. W. (1983). "Nyawagyi". In Dixon, Robert M. W.; Blake, Barry J. (eds.). Handbook of Australian Languages. Vol. 3. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 431–523. ISBN 978-9-027-27353-6.

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