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Yabula-Yabula
Yabula-Yabula
Jabulajabula, Ngarimoro
Native to	Australia
Region	Victoria, New South Wales
Ethnicity	Ngarrimouro/Ngarrimowro
Extinct	(date missing)
Language family	Pama–Nyungan Yotayotic Yabula-Yabula; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	yxy
Glottolog	yabu1234
AIATSIS	S38
ELP	Yabula-Yabula

Yabula-Yabula (Jabulajabula) in an extinct language of Australia, located in Victoria and New South Wales. Dixon listed it an isolate, but Glottolog evaluates it as a dialect of Yotayota.^[2] It shares only 44% of its vocabulary with Yorta Yorta, so is best considered a separate language. This may due to the rapid lexical change involved after a person's death, as their name cannot be uttered.^[3]

Phonology

Consonants

The consonants of Yabula-Yabula are likely the same as those in Yorta-Yorta, based on analysis of wordlists.^[3]

	Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Retroflex	Velar
Stop	b	d̪	d	ɟ	(ɖ)	ɡ
Nasal	m	n̪	n	ɲ	(ɳ)	ŋ
Lateral			l	(ʎ)	(ɭ)
Rhotic			ɾ~r		(ɽ)
Approximant	w			j

Vowels

Vowels in Yabula-Yabula were likely also identical to those in Yorta-Yorta.^[3]

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid	e		o
Open		a

[e] is the rarest vowel. There are no vowel-initial words in Yabula-Yabula, but there are some in Yorta-Yorta, due to the deletion of [j] or sometimes [ŋ] before [a].

References

^ S38 Yabula-Yabula at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
^ Heather Bowe and Stephen Morey. 1999. The Yorta Yorta (Bangerang) Language of the Murray Goulborn including Yabula Yabula. (Pacific Linguistics: Series C, 154.) Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.
^ ^a ^b ^c Bowe, Heather J.; Morey, Stephen (1999). The Yorta Yorta (Bangerang) language of the Murray Goulburn: including Yabula Yabula (PDF). Pacific linguistics, Series C (in eng-aus). Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, the Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-85883-513-9. OCLC 40792250.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)