Li Fuchun (Chinese: 李富春; pinyin: Lǐ Fùchūn; Wade–Giles: Li Fu-ch'un; May 22, 1900 – January 9, 1975) was a Chinese Communist revolutionary and politician. He served as a Vice Premier of China.
Li Fuchun was born in Changsha, Hunan Province. After completing middle school in his home province, in 1919 he traveled to France to attend a work-study program and here he started his political activity. Fascinated by Marxism, in 1921 he joined the Socialist Youth of China and, in 1922, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The following year he married Cai Chang, Cai Hesen's sister. In 1925 he went to study in the Soviet Union, but he returned in China to take part at the Northern Expedition, serving as head of the political division of the National Revolutionary Army's 2nd Army and acting CCP secretary of Jiangxi Province. It was in this period that he met Mao Zedong, working with him at the Peasant Movement Training Institute.[where?]
Li Fuchun took part at all the Communist Party's major campaigns, including the Long March, during which he was vice-director of the General Political Department of the Red Army and political commissar. He later served as secretary of the CCP Committee for Shaanxi–Gansu–Ningxia. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, he held a number of jobs, including deputy head of the CCP Central Organization Department, head of the CCP Central Economic and Financial Department, and director of the General Office. In 1945 he was elected member of the CCP Central Committee.
During the 1945–1949 Liberation War (the final showdown between Communists and Nationalists), he had an important role in ruling Northern China, serving simultaneously as secretary of the CCP Manchuria Sub-Bureau, standing committee member and deputy secretary of the CCP Northeast Bureau, vice-chairman of the Northeast People's Government and deputy political commissar of the Northeast Military Region.
With the establishment of the People's Republic of China, both Li Fuchun and Cai Chang were transferred to Beijing. While she served as chairwoman of the All-China Women's Federation (a post she held until 1978), Li Fuchun was appointed deputy head of the Central Economic and Financial Commission under Chen Yun and Minister of Heavy Industry. In 1954 he was promoted to vice premier and chairman of the State Planning Commission, with the task of overseeing socialist economy planning in China. In 1956 he was also appointed member of the CCP Politburo, and co-opted in the CCP Secretariat in 1958.
In 1964, Li and Bo Yibo traveled to southwest China to convey Mao's selection of Panzhihua as the future basis for steel industry development during China's Third Front construction.[1] Li Fuchun became director of the Planning Commission and in this role he set design rules stating that Third Front projects should not attempt to be "big and complete" or incorporate major administrative, social service, or other buildings not involved in production.[2]: 207 Instead, project leaders were directed to make do with what was available, including building rammed earth housing so that more resources could be directed to production.[2]: 207 This policy came to be expressed through the slogan, "First build the factory and afterward housing."[2]: 207
At the start of the Cultural Revolution, during a reshuffle of the Party's central authority at the 11th Plenary Session of the 8th CCP Central Committee in August 1966, Li Fuchun was elected to the top Politburo Standing Committee. However, he started to manifest his intolerance towards the course of the Cultural Revolution. During a "general report conference of the Centre's political work" in October 1966, Mao Zedong said of him: "Li Fuchun has been asked to rest for a year. Even I do not know who is in charge of the Planning Commission. Fuchun respects the Party discipline. He told some things to the Secretariat which were not reported to me." Later, in February 1967 he openly attacked the Cultural Revolution during a meeting along with other top leaders like Chen Yi, Li Xiannian and Nie Rongzhen; as a result, they were labeled as the February Countercurrent and thoroughly criticized as revisionists.
Despite being part of the "February Countercurrent", Li Fuchun was elected to the 9th CCP Central Committee in 1969. After the fall of Lin Biao in 1971, Mao Zedong declared that the "February Countercurrent" was a closed chapter, and so Li Fuchun was completely rehabilitated. He was elected to the 10th CCP Central Committee in 1973 and also to the 4th National People's Congress in 1974, but he could not attend it as he died on January 9, 1975, just 4 days before its first session. He is still regarded as one of the main founders of China's socialist economy.
01 Ministry of Internal Affairs Xie Juezai 02 Ministry of Foreign Affairs Zhou EnlaiPSC 03 Ministry of National Defense Peng DehuaiP 04 Ministry of Public Security Luo Ruiqing 05 Ministry of Justice Shi Liang♀ 06 Ministry of Supervision Qian Ying♀ 07 State Planning Commission Li FuchunP 08 State Infrastructure Commission Bo Yibo → Wang Heshou 09 Ministry of Finance Li XiannianP 010 Ministry of Food Zhang Naiqi 011 Ministry of Commerce Zeng Shan 012 Ministry of Foreign Trade Ye Jizhuang 013 Ministry of Heavy Industry/ Ministry of Metallurgical Industry Wang Heshou 014 Ministry of Chemical Industry Peng Tao 015 Ministry of Building Materials Industry Lai Jifa
016 First Ministry of Machine Building Huang Jing 017 Second Ministry of Machine Building Zhao Erlu 018 Ministry Of Fuel Industries Chen Yu 019 Ministry of Geology Li Siguang 020 Ministry of Building Construction Liu Xiufeng 021 Ministry of Textile Industry Jiang Guangnai 022 Ministry of Light Industry Jia Tuofu → Sha Qianli 023 Ministry of Local Industry Sha Qianli 024 Ministry of Railways Teng Daiyuan 025 Ministry of Transport Zhang Bojun 026 Ministry of Posts & Telecommunications Zhu Xuefan 027 Ministry of Agriculture Liao Luyan 028 Ministry of Forestry Liang Xi 029 Ministry of Water Resources Fu Zuoyi 030 Ministry of Labor Ma Wenrui
031 Ministry of Culture Shen Yanbing 032 Ministry of Higher Education Yang Xiufeng 033 Ministry of Education Zhang Xiruo 034 Ministry of Health Li Dequan♀ 035 Commission for Physical Culture and Sports He LongP 036 Ethnic Affairs Commission Ulanhu 037 Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission He Xiangning♀ 038 Third Ministry of Machine Building Zhang Linzhi 039 National Economic Commission Bo Yibo 040 National Technical Commission Huang Jing 041 Ministry of Urban Development Wan Li 042 Ministry of Food Industry Li Zhuchen 043 Ministry of Aquatic Products Xu Deheng 044 Ministry of State Farms and Land Reclamation Wang Zhen 045 Ministry of Timber Industry Luo Longji
01 Internal Affairs Qian Ying → Zeng Shan 02 Foreign Affairs Chen Yi P 03 National Defense Peng DehuaiP → Lin BiaoP 04 Public Security Luo Ruiqing → Xie Fuzhi 05 National Basic Construction Commission Chen YunPSC 06 State Planning Commission Li FuchunP 07 National Economic Commission Bo Yibo 08 National Science and Technology Commission Nie Rongzhen 09 Finance Li XiannianP 010 Food Sha Qianli 011 Commerce Cheng Zihua → Yao Yilin 012 Foreign Trade Ye Jizhuang 013 Aquatic Products Xu Deheng
014 Metallurgical Industry Wang Heshou 015 Chemical Industry Peng Tao 016 First Ministry of Machine Building Zhao Erlu → Duan Junyi 017 Second Ministry of Machine Building Song Renqiong → Liu Jie 018 Coal Industry Zhang Linzhi 019 Petroleum Industry Yu Qiuli 020 Geology Li Siguang 021 Building Construction Liu Xiufeng 022 Textile Industry Jiang Guangnai 023 Light Industry Li Zhuchen 024 Railways Teng Daiyuan 025 Transport Wang Shoudao 026 Posts & Telecommunications Zhu Xuefan
027 Ministry of Agriculture Liao Luyan 028 State Farms and Land Reclamation Wang Zhen 029 Forestry Liu Wenhui 030 Water Resources and Electric Power Fu Zuoyi 031 Labor Ma Wenrui 032 Culture Mao Dun 033 Education Yang Xiufeng 034 Ministry of Health Li Dequan♀ 035 Commission for Physical Culture and Sports He LongP 036 Ethnic Affairs Commission Ulanhu 037 Foreign Cultural Liaison Commission Zhang Xiruo 038 Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission Liao Chengzhi 039 Agricultural Machinery Chen Zhengren 040 Machinery Industry Zhang Liankui → Sun Zhiyuan
01 Foreign Affairs Chen Yi P 02 National Defense Lin BiaoPSC 03 State Planning Commission Li FuchunP 04 National Economic Commission Bo Yibo 05 Science and Technology Commission Nie Rongzhen 06 Public Security Xie Fuzhi 07 Internal Affairs Zeng Shan 08 Ethnic Affairs Commission Ulanhu 09 Ministry of Agriculture Liao Luyan 010 State Farms and Land Reclamation Wang Zhen 011 Forestry Liu Wenhui 012 Aquatic Products Xu Deheng 013 Metallurgical Industry Lü Dong 014 Chemical Industry Gao Yang 015 First Ministry of Machine Building Duan Junyi 016 Second Ministry of Machine Building Liu Jie
017 Third Ministry of Machine Building Sun Zhiyuan 018 Fourth Ministry of Machine Building Wang Zheng [zh] 019 Fifth Ministry of Machine Building Qiu Chuangcheng 020 Sixth Ministry of Machine Building Fang Qiang [zh] 021 Seventh Ministry of Machine Building Wang Bingzhang 022 Eighth Ministry of Machine Building Chen Zhengren 023 Coal Industry Zhang Linzhi 024 Petroleum and Chemical Industries Yu Qiuli 025 Water Resources and Electric Power Fu Zuoyi 026 Geology Li Siguang 027 Building Construction Li Renjun [zh] → Liu Yumin [zh] 028 Building Materials Industry Lai Jifa 029 Textile Industry Jiang Guangnai 030 Light Industry Li Zhuchen 031 Railways Lü Zhengcao 032 Transport Sun Daguang
033 Posts & Telecommunications Zhu Xuefan 033 Material Management Yuan Baohua 034 Labor Ma Wenrui 035 Finance Li XiannianP 036 Food Sha Qianli 037 Ministry of Commerce Yao Yilin 038 Foreign Trade Ye Jizhuang 039 Culture Lu Dingyi 040 Education He Wei [zh] 041 Higher Education Jiang Nanxiang 042 Ministry of Health Qian Xinzhong 043 Commission for Physical Culture and Sports He Long 044 Foreign Cultural Liaison Committee Zhang Xiruo 045 Foreign Economic Liaison Committee Fang Yi 046 Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission Liao Chengzhi 047 Second Ministry of Light Industry Xu Yunbei 048 National Basic Construction Commission Gu Mu
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