Lu Dingyi (Chinese: 陆定一; pinyin: Lù Dìngyī; June 9, 1906 – May 9, 1996)[1]: 151 was a leader of the Chinese Communist Party. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China and before the Cultural Revolution, he was credited as one of the top officials in socialist culture.
Lu Dingyi joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1925, while he was studying electrical engineering at the Nanyang Public School. After graduation, he fully joined revolutionary activities, being mainly involved in the Communist Youth League, writing articles for its newspaper Chinese Youth (later renamed Proletarian Youth and then Leninist Youth). In 1927 he took part at both the 5th CCP National Congress and the CYL Congress, being elected a member of the CYL Central Committee working with its Propaganda Department. He was actively involved in countering Chiang Kai-shek's anti-communist coup, organizing communist unities in Guangdong. In 1928 Lu Dingyi took part at the 6th CCP National Congress and the CYL Congress, both of which were held in Moscow, remaining in the Soviet Union until 1930 as a junior representative of the CYL to the Comintern.
Lu Dingyi then returned in China and participated in the Long March as an editor of the Red Star newspaper. He also worked with the Propaganda Department of the Eighth Route Army, and was a member of the CCP Propaganda Department starting from 1934. In 1942 he was promoted to chief editor of the Liberation Daily[2]: 151 after his predecessor Yang Song fell ill.
During the Yan'an Rectification Movement, Lu Dingyi wrote Our basic view for journalism, which was considered the basis for Chinese communist journalism. In 1943 he was appointed head of the CCP Central Propaganda Department, a post he held until 1952 and then again from 1954. He was elected CCP Central Committee member in 1945.
A political commissar in the PLA, Lu Dingyi gave important contributions to the revolutionary struggle in Shaanxi along with other top leaders like Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Ren Bishi, according to his official biography.
After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Lu Dingyi was deputy chairman of the Culture and Education Committee of the Central People's Government from 1949 and member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress from 1954. At the 8th Party Congress in 1956, he was re-elected a CCP Central Committee member and promoted to Politburo alternate member, concurrently serving as secretary of the CCP Secretariat from 1962. In 1957 and 1960, he accompanied major Party leaders Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping to international meetings of communist parties held in Moscow. His main political activity was in the cultural front, as he directed cultural criticism campaigns.
In 1959 he was appointed a Vice Premier of the State Council, and Minister of Culture in 1965. Shortly after, the Cultural Revolution broke out and Lu Dingyi was accused of being a promoter of the reactionary line in culture, since he did not adhere to Mao Zedong's idea that culture should extensively serve proletarian politics. In May 1966 he was accused of being part of the "Peng-Luo-Lu-Yang anti-Party clique" (the others being Peng Dehuai, Luo Ruiqing and Yang Shangkun) and dismissed. He was also criticised for his activity in the Five Man Group, a Central Committee agency in charge of leading the first stages of the Cultural Revolution led by Peng Zhen, another purged official. He was detained for nearly 13 years.
Lu Dingyi was rehabilitated by the new leadership headed by Deng Xiaoping. In 1979 he was co-opted in the Fifth CPPCC National Committee as its vice-chairman; in the same year, he was co-opted in the CCP Central Committee as a consultant to the Propaganda Department. He was later a member of the Central Advisory Commission.
Lu Dingyi died in Beijing in 1996, several years after his retirement. He was hailed as an outstanding Party member and promoter of socialist culture. His knowledge of the English language also allowed him to translate the conversations between Mao Zedong and Anna Louise Strong.
01 Internal Affairs Qian Ying → Zeng Shan 02 Foreign Affairs Chen Yi P 03 National Defense Peng DehuaiP → Lin BiaoP 04 Public Security Luo Ruiqing → Xie Fuzhi 05 National Basic Construction Commission Chen YunPSC 06 State Planning Commission Li FuchunP 07 National Economic Commission Bo Yibo 08 National Science and Technology Commission Nie Rongzhen 09 Finance Li XiannianP 010 Food Sha Qianli 011 Commerce Cheng Zihua → Yao Yilin 012 Foreign Trade Ye Jizhuang 013 Aquatic Products Xu Deheng
014 Metallurgical Industry Wang Heshou 015 Chemical Industry Peng Tao 016 First Ministry of Machine Building Zhao Erlu → Duan Junyi 017 Second Ministry of Machine Building Song Renqiong → Liu Jie 018 Coal Industry Zhang Linzhi 019 Petroleum Industry Yu Qiuli 020 Geology Li Siguang 021 Building Construction Liu Xiufeng 022 Textile Industry Jiang Guangnai 023 Light Industry Li Zhuchen 024 Railways Teng Daiyuan 025 Transport Wang Shoudao 026 Posts & Telecommunications Zhu Xuefan
027 Ministry of Agriculture Liao Luyan 028 State Farms and Land Reclamation Wang Zhen 029 Forestry Liu Wenhui 030 Water Resources and Electric Power Fu Zuoyi 031 Labor Ma Wenrui 032 Culture Mao Dun 033 Education Yang Xiufeng 034 Ministry of Health Li Dequan♀ 035 Commission for Physical Culture and Sports He LongP 036 Ethnic Affairs Commission Ulanhu 037 Foreign Cultural Liaison Commission Zhang Xiruo 038 Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission Liao Chengzhi 039 Agricultural Machinery Chen Zhengren 040 Machinery Industry Zhang Liankui → Sun Zhiyuan
01 Foreign Affairs Chen Yi P 02 National Defense Lin BiaoPSC 03 State Planning Commission Li FuchunP 04 National Economic Commission Bo Yibo 05 Science and Technology Commission Nie Rongzhen 06 Public Security Xie Fuzhi 07 Internal Affairs Zeng Shan 08 Ethnic Affairs Commission Ulanhu 09 Ministry of Agriculture Liao Luyan 010 State Farms and Land Reclamation Wang Zhen 011 Forestry Liu Wenhui 012 Aquatic Products Xu Deheng 013 Metallurgical Industry Lü Dong 014 Chemical Industry Gao Yang 015 First Ministry of Machine Building Duan Junyi 016 Second Ministry of Machine Building Liu Jie
017 Third Ministry of Machine Building Sun Zhiyuan 018 Fourth Ministry of Machine Building Wang Zheng [zh] 019 Fifth Ministry of Machine Building Qiu Chuangcheng 020 Sixth Ministry of Machine Building Fang Qiang [zh] 021 Seventh Ministry of Machine Building Wang Bingzhang 022 Eighth Ministry of Machine Building Chen Zhengren 023 Coal Industry Zhang Linzhi 024 Petroleum and Chemical Industries Yu Qiuli 025 Water Resources and Electric Power Fu Zuoyi 026 Geology Li Siguang 027 Building Construction Li Renjun [zh] → Liu Yumin [zh] 028 Building Materials Industry Lai Jifa 029 Textile Industry Jiang Guangnai 030 Light Industry Li Zhuchen 031 Railways Lü Zhengcao 032 Transport Sun Daguang
033 Posts & Telecommunications Zhu Xuefan 033 Material Management Yuan Baohua 034 Labor Ma Wenrui 035 Finance Li XiannianP 036 Food Sha Qianli 037 Ministry of Commerce Yao Yilin 038 Foreign Trade Ye Jizhuang 039 Culture Lu Dingyi 040 Education He Wei [zh] 041 Higher Education Jiang Nanxiang 042 Ministry of Health Qian Xinzhong 043 Commission for Physical Culture and Sports He Long 044 Foreign Cultural Liaison Committee Zhang Xiruo 045 Foreign Economic Liaison Committee Fang Yi 046 Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission Liao Chengzhi 047 Second Ministry of Light Industry Xu Yunbei 048 National Basic Construction Commission Gu Mu
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