Lach dialects

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The Lach dialects, also known as Lachian dialects (Czech: lašská nářečí, laština, Polish: gwary laskie), are a group of West Slavic dialects that form a transition between the Polish and Czech language. They are spoken in parts of Czech Silesia, the Hlučín Region, and northeastern Moravia,^[1] as well as in some adjacent villages in Poland.^[2] Most Czech researchers consider Lach a dialect of Czech, whereas Polish dialectologists tend to ascribe Polish origins to Lach.^[3]

Lachian is divided into numerous subdialects (Western, Eastern and Southern), it can therefore also be regarded as a dialect continuum, with limited mutual intelligibility between the eastern and western dialects.^{[citation needed]} This dialectal differentiation is not typical for the Czech Republic, where there is a good deal of dialect leveling, especially in the west of the republic.^{[citation needed]}

Most Lachs, especially younger speakers, now speak standard Czech, and use it as a written language, while Lach remains the language of everyday speech. Lachian contains many German loanwords, according to some sources,^[which?] up to 8% of the vocabulary.^{[citation needed]}

The poet Óndra Łysohorsky is probably the best-known writer in a Lachian dialect. Łysohorsky was notable for refusing to write in Standard Czech, instead writing in the local dialect of Upper Silesia. In doing so, he contributed significantly to the development of the Lach literary language.^[4]

Example text

Example text (Óndra Łysohorsky)^[5]
Lach	Czech	Polish	English
Lašsky jazyk, w širokych rysach, je młuva ludu w sewerowychodnej Morawě, w starym "Rakuskym Ślónsku" a w Hučinsku. Od zapadniho jazyka českeho a połedniho jazyka slowénskeho śe rozeznowo hławně akcéntém na předostatni słabice, od wychodniho jazyka polskeho hławně ňedostatkém nosowych samohłosek	Lašský jazyk, v širokých rysech, je řeč lidí na severovýchodní Moravě, ve starém "Rakouském Slezsku" a na Hlučínsku. Od západního jazyka českého a jižního jazyka slovenského se rozezná hlavně akcentem na předposlední slabice, od východního jazyka polského hlavně nepřitomností nosových samohlásek	Język laski, w szerokim zarysie, to mowa ludu na północno-wschodnich Morawach, na starym "Śląsku Austriackim" i na ziemi hulczyńskiej. Od zachodniego języka czeskiego i południowego języka słowackiego różni się przede wszystkim akcentem na przedostatnią sylabę. Od wschodniego języka polskiego w szczególności nieobecnością nosowych samogłosek.	The Lachian language, generally characterised, is the speech of the people of northeastern Moravia, old "Austrian Silesia", and the Hlučín district. It is distinguished from the Czech language in the west and the Slovak language in the south chiefly by the stress on the penultimate syllable, from the Polish language in the east chiefly by the absence of nasal vowels.

Footnotes

^ Hannan 1996, 726.
^ Hannan 1996, 730.
^ S. Bąk, Mowa polska na Śląsku, Wrocław and Warsaw 1974.
^ Hannan 1996, 726.
^ Hannan 1996, 726.

References

Hannan, Kevin (Winter 1996). "The Lachian Literary Language of Óndra Łysohorsky". The Slavic and East European Journal. 40 (4): 726–743. doi:10.2307/310109. JSTOR 310109.

Eastern	Bulgarian Church Slavonic Old Church Slavonic Macedonian
Transitional	Torlakian
Western	Alpine Slavic Serbo-Croatian Bosnian Croatian Montenegrin Serbian Slavomolisano Slovene

West Slavic

Czech–Slovak	Czech Biblical Czech Czechoslovak Knaanic Moravian White Croatian Slovak Camaldolese Slovak Eastern Slovak Pannonian Rusyn
Lechitic	East Lechitic Polish Masurian dialects Old Polish Middle Polish Silesian Lach Pomeranian Kashubian Slovincian West Lechitic Marcho-Magdeburgian Polabian Rani
Sorbian	Upper Sorbian Lower Sorbian Schleifer

Microlanguages
and dialects

East Slavic	Carpathian Rusyn Lemko Odesan Russian Podlachian West Polesian
South Slavic	Banat Bulgarian Chakavian Burgenland Croatian Kajkavian Pomak Prekmurje Slovene Resian Shtokavian Slavomolisano Bunjevac Slavic dialects of Greece
West Slavic	Eastern Slovak Pannonian Rusyn Goral Knaanic Lach Silesian Cieszyn Silesian

Mixed languages

Constructed
languages

Historical
phonology

Italics indicate extinct languages.

Silesia topics

History
Offensives Uprisings Wars (First, Second, Third) 1921 Upper Silesia plebiscite Treaty of Dresden Treaty of Teschen Book of Henryków Battle of Legnica Battle of Leuthen more...

Geography

Areas

Lakes

Mountains

Rivers

Elbe	Divoká Orlice Jizera Úpa
Oder	Barycz Bóbr Kaczawa Kłodnica Kwisa Liswarta Mała Panew Nysa Kłodzka Olza Ślęza
Vistula	Biała Brynica Gostynia Przemsza Pszczynka Rawa

Politics

Subdivisions

Former

Current

Jeseník District Moravian–Silesian Region Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis / Görlitz
Voivodeships	Lower Silesian Lubusz Voivodeships Opole Silesian

EP constituencies

Economy

Socioeconomics	Katowice urban area Metropolis GZM Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area
Industry	Bielski Okręg Przemysłowy Legnicko-Głogowski Okręg Miedziowy Lower Silesian Coal Basin Upper Silesian Coal Basin Industrial Region Ostrava-Karviná / Rybnik Coal Areas
Tourism	Tourism

Society

Culture

Architecture Familŏk Regional costume Upper Silesian Museum Silesian Museum (Opava) Silesian Museum (Katowice)
Cuisine	Black noodles Bryja Panczkraut (ciapkapusta) Klōzki Galert Hauskyjza Karminadle Kołŏcz Kopalnioki Kreple Krupniok Makōwki Moczka Modrŏ kapusta Siymiyniotka Szałŏt Wodziōnka Żur
Religion	Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia Silesian Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland Roman Catholic Church Pentecostal Church in Poland
Sport	Football Association Moravian–Silesian Football League National football team Silesian Stadium

Languages

Symbols

Coats of arms Flags
Unofficial anthems	Schlesien Unvergessene Heimat Schlesierlied Slezská hymna

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