Hispanic and Latino Coloradans are residents of the state of Colorado who are of Hispanic or Latino ancestry. As of 2020, Hispanics and Latinos of any race made up 21% of the state's population, or 1,269,520 of the state's 5,770,545 residents.[1]
History
1598- During Juan de Oñate's expedition from Mexico, following the Rio Grande del Norte north, he claimed all of the river's drainage for Spain.[2]
1776- The Domínguez-Escalante expedition took place in northern New Spain. Led by friars Silvestre Velez de Escalante and Francisco Atanacio Dominguez, the expedition team sought a route linking Santa Fe to Monterey. They travelled through northern New Mexico, Colorado and Utah.[5]
1800- Spain returns Louisiana to France in 1800, including eastern Colorado. France later cedes Louisiana to the US in 1803.
1821- Mexico wins independence from Spain. Mexico grows concerned about protecting its northernmost territory from North Americans and US citizens. To reinforce Mexican claims of what is now part of Colorado, Gov. Manuel Armijo creates land grants to attract settlers.[2]
1833- A group of 80 families from Abiquiu and Taos migrated to modern-day Colorado. They settled in Conejos County, but the Navajos attacked them and the settlers lost their goods, so they returned to their homeland.
1840's- The Utes prevent the settlement of Nuevomexicanos.[6] The Maxwell Land Grant is acquired, extending from the Sangre de Cristo Range to as far south as Taos, New Mexico, including modern day Las Animas County.[2]
1848- Northwest Mexico was incorporated into the US, including western Colorado.
1851- A small group of Nuevomexicanos from Taos migrated to the San Luis Valley. They founded the first Hispanic permanent settlement and initiated Hispanic migration to Colorado.[6] This first group was followed by another 50 Nuevomexicano families from Abiquiu and El Llanito, which settled in Guadalupe three years later. San Luis is the oldest permanent town in Colorado.
1854- Town of Guadalupe, Colorado is established, later absorbed by the town of Conejos, in a higher, less flood-prone area.[2]
1860's- Hispanic pastoralists migrate to Colorado from Latin America when the country demanded wool uniforms for its soldiers during the American Civil War, while many other Nuevomexicanos migrated to counties such as Las Animas or Huerfano.
1870's- Over 5,000 people of that origin lived in these counties, making up more than 90% of the population in both regions. From then on, many other Hispanics migrated to Colorado.
1880's- Mexican migration even gave rise to a Hispanic neighborhood in the modern-day "America the Beautiful Park" in Colorado Springs, which included a school, a church and several businesses. This was abandoned in the early 20th century.[7]
1890's- US Congress authorized settlement of land grant claims. The court throws out the Conejos Grant and upholds a reduction of the Vigil and St. Vrain grants from four million acres (16,000 km2) to 97,390.95 acres (39,412.72 ha).[2]
1940's- Following World War I and World War II, Hispanic servicemen move families from rural agricultural areas to urban areas such as Denver and Ft. Collins.[2]
1950's- Hispanics are distributed in various regions of Colorado (San Acacio, Saguache, Guadalupe, etc.).[6]
1990 to Present - The Hispanic population grows significantly, consisting of mostly Mexicans, seeking better social and economic conditions.
2010- US Census confirms Hispanics are the fastest growing and largest ethnic group in Colorado. Approximately one in five Coloradans is Hispanic and one in three from Denver is Hispanic.[2]
Demographics
According to the Latino Leadership Institute website, Hispanics number more than 100,000 people in Adams, Arapahoe, Denver and El Paso. They represented over 33% in Adams, Alamosa, Conejos, Costilla, Huerfano, Las Animas, Morgan, Otero, Prowers, Pueblo, Rio Grande and Saguache counties. Most of the Hispanics and Latinos of Colorado live in Western Colorado. The majority of Hispanics in the state are under the age of 18 (35% of Hispanics), while the rest of the Hispanic population is mainly made up of the 18-34 and 35-54 age groups (28% and 25% respectively).[8]
^ abCarl Ubbelohde, Duane A. Smith, Maxine Benson: A Colorado History, Pruett Publishing, 2006, p. 17
^Cardelús, Borja (2007). La huella de España y de la cultura hispana en los Estados Unidos (2nd ed.). Madrid: Centro de Cultura Iberoamericana (CCI). p. 174. ISBN978-84-611-5036-6.
^Solorzano, A (1998). "Struggle over Memory: The Roots of the Mexican Americans in Utah, 1776 through the 1850s". Aztlán: A Journal of Chicano Studies.
