Eastern Mansi language

Eastern Mansi
Eastern Mansi
маньсь лынгх маньсь нялм
Pronunciation	[mɒnʲsʲ lʲɘŋx], [mɒnʲsʲ nʲæləm]
Native to	Russia
Region	Khanty–Mansi
Extinct	2018
Language family	Uralic Ugric? Ob-Ugric? Mansi Eastern Mansi; ; ; ;
Dialects	Konda (Middle/Lower/Upper); Yukonda;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	east2879
ELP	Eastern Mansi; Eastern Mansi;
	Traditional distribution and current Mansi settlements
	Eastern Mansi is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010)
	This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Eastern Mansi is an extinct Uralic language spoken in Russia in the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug around the river Konda. It became extinct in 2018, when its last speaker Maksim Šivtorov (Максим Семенович Шивторов) died.^[5] It has Khanty and Siberian Tatar influence. There is vowel harmony, and for */æː/ it has [œː], frequently diphthongized.

In Russian linguistics the Konda dialect used to be called the "southern Mansi (Kondinsky) dialect" (Russian: южно-мансийский (кондинский) диалект^[6]) or "eastern Mansi dialect group" (Russian: восточная группа диалектов).^[7]

Alphabet

In the few instances that Eastern Mansi literature was printed and was from the native areas, it used an unchanged Russian-Cyrillic script like this:

The highlighted letters are found in loanwords, except нг which is considered as a singular letter in the “Ворыяп хумый” (“Two Hunters”) by P. K. Cheymetov,^[8] and г is substituted with the letter й in some dialects ^{[citation needed]}

Dialects

Phonology

Source:^[9]

Consonants

Eastern Mansi consonants
	Labial	Alveolar	(Alveolo-) Palatal	Velar
	Labial	Alveolar	(Alveolo-) Palatal	Plain	Labialized
Nasals	/m/ м	/n/ н	/nʲ/ нь	/ŋ/ ^[1] нг ^[3]
Stops	/p/ п	/t/ т	/tʲ/ ть	/k/ к	/kʷ/ кв
Affricate			/sʲ/ сь
Fricatives		/s/ н	/sʲ/ сь	/x/ ^[2] х /ɣ/ ^[1] г	/xʷ/ ^[2] хв
Semivowels			/j/ й		/w/ в
Laterals		/l/ л	/lʲ/ ль
Trill		/r/ р

Some remarks:

Neither in Middle nor Lower Konda do these appear at the beginning of words.
In Middle Konda it does not appear in the beginning of words, but in Lower Konda it does.
/ŋ/ is also spelled with just н if it comes before к or х. This rule does not include suffixes; like in мынгым /mənɣəm/

Vowels

Eastern Mansi vowels
	Front		Central	Back
	Unrounded	Rounded	Central	Back
Close	i ^K[1]	y, yː ^K[3]		u, uː ^K[3]
Close-mid			ɘ, ɘː ^KM	o, oː ^K[3]
Mid	e ~ i eː^{K [2] [3]}		(ə)
Near-open	æ, æː ^K
Open	a, aː ^{K [4]}			ɒ ~ ɑ ^K

(KM=Present in Middle Konda | KU=Present in Lower Konda | K=Present in both)

Some remarks:

Only present in palatal environments.
It has the allophone /iː/.
Neither in Middle nor Lower Konda do these appear in non-initial syllable positions.
Neither in Middle nor Lower Konda do /aː/ appear in first syllable positions.

Diphthongs

In Middle Konda, the diphthongs are /øæ/ or /øæ̯/ and /oɒ/ found in both first and non-initial syllable positions.

In Lower Konda, the /æø/ diphthong is usually realized as /œ/ which is only found in first syllable positions, while /øæ/ is found in both first and non-initial syllable positions.

References

^ Mansi-Russian dictionary (Kondinsky dialect of the Mansi language), Based on the story by P. K. Cheymetov “Ворыяп хумый” (“Two Hunters”) page 48
^ Dictionary of Yukonda dialect of Mansi, Lingvodoc 3.0 [1]
^ Rantanen, Timo; Tolvanen, Harri; Roose, Meeli; Ylikoski, Jussi; Vesakoski, Outi (2022-06-08). "Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic". PLOS ONE. 17 (6): e0269648. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1769648R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269648. PMC 9176854. PMID 35675367.
^ Rantanen, Timo, Vesakoski, Outi, Ylikoski, Jussi, & Tolvanen, Harri. (2021). Geographical database of the Uralic languages (v1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784188
^ Salminen, Tapani (2023). "Demography, endangerment, and revitalization". In Abondolo, Daniel Mario; Valijärvi, Riitta-Liisa (eds.). The Uralic languages. Routledge Language Family (2nd ed.). London New York: Routledge. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-138-65084-8.
^ Кузакова Е.А. Южно-мансийский (кондинский) диалект.: автореф. на соискат уч. степ. канд. филол. н. Л., 1963. (in Russian)
^ Ромбандеева 1976.
^ Mansi-Russian dictionary (Kondinsky dialect of the Mansi language), Based on the story by P. K. Cheymetov “Ворыяп хумый” (“Two Hunters”) page 36
^ Ob-Ugric database of Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany; Phonology of Eastern Mansi [2]

Sources

Ромбандеева, Е. И. (1976). "Мансийский язык". Основы финно-угорского языкознания. Марийский, пермский и угорские языки (in Russian). Москва: Наука. pp. 229–239.