Chicano Art: Resistance and Affirmation

Part of a series on
Chicanos and Mexican Americans
Mexican America
Terms
Identity
Concepts
History
Early-American Period
Pre-Chicano Movement
Chicano Movement
Post-Chicano Period
Culture
Language
Food
Music
Symbols
Literature
Literature
Autobiographical
Novels
Poetry and Short Stories
Chicano studies
Fields
Organizations
Texts
Theory
Visual art
Visual Art
Art Collectives
Art organizations
Locations
Law
Supreme Court cases
Federal Court cases
Population
Population by City
Multiethnic
Lists

Chicano Art: Resistance and Affirmation (or CARA) was a traveling exhibit of Chicano/a artists which toured the United States from 1990 through 1993.[1] CARA visited ten major cities and featured over 128 individual works by about 180 different Chicano/a artists.[2] The show was also intended to visit Madrid and Mexico City.[3] CARA was the first time a Chicano exhibit received major attention from the press and it was the first exhibit that collaborated between Chicanos and major museums in the U.S.[4] The show was considered a "notable event in the development of Chicano art."[5] Another unique feature of CARA was the "extensive planning" that attempted to be as inclusive as possible and which took place more than five years prior to the opening at Wight Art Gallery.[6]

The final touring exhibit included paintings, murals and installations.[2] Over forty murals were shown via slideshow.[3] The first section of the show contained a short history of Chicanos going back to the pre-Columbian era, discussing the concept of Aztlán and including significant events up until 1965.[2] The other areas of the exhibit were divided into themes that were representative of the Chicano movement: Feminist Visions, Reclaiming the Past, Regional Expressions and Redefining American Art.[6] There were also three separate spaces devoted to the important Chicano collective arts movements, Asco, Los Four and the Royal Chicano Air Force.[4] Uniquely, at the time for a museum show, the art was shown in context with the history and politics of the Chicano movement.[7] In addition, the art shown in the exhibit was "created by Chicanos for other Chicanos."[8]

CARA's name is also a play on words since the Spanish word for face is cara.[9]

History

The CARA exhibit was created through the joint actions of the Wight Art Gallery at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and the CARA National Advisory Committee.[8] These two groups started planning in 1984, but the idea for the exhibit began in 1983, when Cecelia Klein, Shifra Goldman, and several graduate students (Maria de Herrera, Holly Barnet-Sanchez and Marcos Sanchez-Tranquilino) asked the new director of the Wight Art Gallery, Edith Tonelli, about creating a unique Chicano art exhibit.[6] The Wight Art Gallery, with help from Klein and Goldman, applied for funds from the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH). They were originally turned down because the word "Chicano" made some of the backers "uncomfortable."[8][10] Other topics addressed by CARA, such as a critical stance on American cultural politics and the "myth of the melting pot" also intimidated the NEH.[10][11] A second try for funds from the NEH took place in 1985 and the term Chicano was carefully explained and outlined.[8] This time, after "considerable debate," funds were granted in 1986.[8] The disbursement of funds took some time, however, because of controversy in Congress about censorship, funding the arts and the proposed defunding of programs.[8] Eventually the Rockefeller Foundation stepped in and helped during the initial planning process and the implementation phases of the project.[8]

The project rejected the conventional structure of having a single curator for the art and chose instead to collaborate on control of the art and administration.[10] Those involved with the project were very careful to work with the Chicano community so that Chicanos could speak for themselves, rather than having an institution impose upon them.[8][12] This later allowed the exhibit to become more than just an art show, but rather an "extension of the ongoing efforts of the Chicano Movement."[4] To ensure that Chicano voices were heard, a large committee of over 40 Chicano scholars, artists and administrators was recruited and broken up into various committees to oversee, select, design and create regional task forces.[8] An "ongoing process of negotiation" was status quo for the project.[13]

The exhibit opened at Wight Art Gallery on September 9, 1990.[4]

As the show toured, there were some unique ways to promote local interest. At the El Paso Museum of Art, there was a lowrider parade that initiated the opening of the show and in addition, there were several works in CARA that contained images of lowriders.[14] The Albuquerque Museum of Art staged a lowrider car show on the opening day of the exhibit.[14]

CARA closed after its last engagement, which was at the Museum of Art in San Antonio, Texas.[4]

Reception

There were large crowds at the exhibition in every city.[15]

CARA challenged many art critics to look beyond what had been considered "mainstream" or "traditional" fine art.[16] The exhibition was successful in bringing new ideas to viewers.[17] It also challenged viewers and critics alike to see value in the intersection of politics and art.[16] The art was considered "complex" and "contentious" and also having a "vibrant agenda."[17] Some critics, in fact, conflated the politics of the art to such a degree that they felt the show was not about the art at all, but instead only about the message.[18] Other critics seemed uncomfortable with the art they were viewing.[15]

For Chicanos/as themselves, it was exciting and moving to see their own lives, culture, ideas and struggles reflected in art.[19] Many viewers and critics expressed the feeling that "at long last Chicanos could see themselves reflected and represented...a process of both aesthetic and political validation."[18] The exhibition inspired many young Latino people to look into their own genealogy and appreciate their Chicano roots.[20] CARA taught many non-Latino Americans about Chicano life, history, ideology and culture.[20] CARA also helped those in the U.S. learn to appreciate the nuanced differences between "Hispanic" and "Chicano."[3]

Legacy

CARA challenged the mainstream art world to view Chicano art as an important art movement that stands on equal footing with other well-recognized art movements.[16] CARA also established Chicano art as something other than a "subculture"[21] though it was often feared that the Chicano art was displayed in an academic way that would "erode" or destroy the true meaning of the art.[22] Nevertheless, the subject matter of CARA stretched the boundaries of what traditionally could or should be shown in a museum setting.[9] The exhibition also succeeded at "imploding myths and stereotypes that said Chicanos had no image-making lineage, or that their work could not compete aesthetically, technically, or conceptually on a national and international level."[12]

CARA was the first exhibition of its type and set a standard for curatorial practices surrounding Chicano art and exhibits.[6][22] CARA would later be used as a "template" for creating other exhibits with Chicano artists.[12]

CARA also helped raise awareness that museums should learn to have a "close working relationship with the communities they represent," which means that there should be more diversity in the artwork shown by these organizations.[22] In addition to working with the community to represent more diversity, it also exposed other issues, such as corporate sponsorship in museums.[23] CARA also clearly demonstrated that there was still a critical bias towards men being represented more often than women in museums and in the arts.[10]

Artists who showed work with CARA, like Gaspar Enriquez, found that more of their art started selling as it gained more exposure in different markets.[24][25] Not all artists found themselves in the same situation, but for many, doors were opened in mainstream markets, collections, lecture circuits and museums.[18]

CARA also filled a void that was left when many Chicano art collectives began to break down.[26]

Artists and venues

Artists

Venues

Quotes

"We made valiant efforts to things through--every one of these sessions became a philosophical discussion...In fact, I feel like I've been through an incredible course in Chicanismo."—Judith Baca[8]

"I loved this exhibit. It's like looking in a mirror. It's really seeing the heart of my people."—Anonymous[15]

Read More

Castillo, Richard Griswold Del; McKenna, Teresa; Yarbro-Bejarano, Yvonne, eds. (1991). Chicano Art: Resistance and Affirmation. Los Angeles, California: Wight Art Gallery. pp. 26–32. ISBN 0943739152.

References

  1. ^ "Finding Aid for the CARA: Chicano Arts: Resistance and Affirmation Papers 1985 - 1994" (PDF). Online Archive of California. California Digital Library. 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-09-06. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  2. ^ a b c Gaspar de Alba, Alicia (1998). Chicano Art Inside/Outside the Master's House: Cultural Politics and the CARA Exhibition (3rd ed.). University of Texas Press (published 2003). ISBN 9780292788985. Archived from the original on 2016-06-10. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  3. ^ a b c Ramos, Lydia (30 August 1990). "Touring Retrospective Examines Chicano Art". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2015-10-29. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  4. ^ a b c d e Gamez, Jose (30 October 2004). Candelaria, Cordelia C.; Aldama, Arturo J.; Garcia, Peter J. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Latino Popular Culture, Volume 1. Greenwood. pp. 104–105. ISBN 9780313332104.
  5. ^ Estrada, Henry C. "Tomás Ybarra-Frausto research material on Chicano art, 1965-2004". Archives of American Art. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 2015-10-01. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  6. ^ a b c d Jackson, Carlos Francisco (14 February 2009). Chicana and Chicano Art: ProtestArte. University of Arizona Press. ISBN 9780816526475.
  7. ^ Cockcroft, Eva Sperling (1993). "From Barrio to Mainstream: The Panorama of Latino Art". In Lomeli, Francisco; Kanellos, Nicolas; Esteva-Fabregat, Claudio (eds.). Handbook of Hispanic Cultures in the United States: Literature and Art. Houston, Texas: Arte Publico Press. p. 194. ISBN 9781611921632. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Castillo, Richard Griswold Del; McKenna, Teresa; Yarbro-Bejarano, Yvonne, eds. (1991). "Preface: The CARA Exhibition". Chicano Art: Resistance and Affirmation. Los Angeles, California: Wight Art Gallery. pp. 26–32. ISBN 0943739152.
  9. ^ a b Meyer, Richard (27 February 2003). Representing the Passions: Histories, Bodies, Visions (Issues & Debates). Getty Research Institute. p. 261. ISBN 9780892366767. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  10. ^ a b c d Davalos, Karen Mary (15 November 2002). Exhibiting Mestizaje: Mexican (American) Museums in the Diaspora. University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 9780826319005. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  11. ^ Wilson, Thomas H. (19 September 2004). "Chicano Art: Three Encounters". Chicano Art for Our Millennium. Mesa Southwest Museum. Archived from the original on 2012-01-04. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  12. ^ a b c Lou, Richard A. (2000). The Secularization of the Chicano Visual Idiom: Diversifying the Iconography. Los Angeles, California: Plaza de la Raza. p. 17. Archived from the original on 2015-04-01. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  13. ^ Gonzales, Joseph Jason (2008). Complicated Business: Chicanos, Museums and Corporate Sponsorship. Temple University.
  14. ^ a b Tatum, Charles M. (22 July 2011). Lowriders in Chicano Culture: From Low to Slow to Show. Greenwood. pp. 108–109. ISBN 9780313381492. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  15. ^ a b c Chang, Jeff (21 October 2014). Who We Be: The Colonization of America. St. Martin's Press. pp. 129–130. ISBN 9780312571290.
  16. ^ a b c Acosta-Colon, Maria (24 September 1990). "Chicano Art: It's Time for a New Aesthetic . . ". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2015-09-04. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  17. ^ a b Cotter, Holland (4 April 1993). "Chicano Art: A Lustier Breed of Political Protest". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2015-05-26. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  18. ^ a b c Gaspar de Alba, Alicia (2001). "From CARA to CACA: The Multiple Anatomies of Chicano/a Art at the Turn of the New Century". Aztlán. 26 (1): 205–231. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  19. ^ Hurtado, Aida; Gurin, Patricia (1 May 2004). Chicana/o Identity in a Changing U.S. Society: QuiŽn Soy? QuiŽnes Somos? - Aõ_da Hurtado, Patricia Gurin - Google Books. University of Arizona Press. ISBN 9780816522057. Archived from the original on 2016-05-21. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
  20. ^ a b Vargas, George (15 February 2010). Contemporary Chican@ Art: Color and Culture for a New America. University of Texas Press. p. 78. ISBN 9780292721166.
  21. ^ "Chicano Art Inside/Outside the Master's House: Cultural Politics and the Cara Exhibition". Serendipity Literary Agency. Archived from the original on 2015-02-01. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  22. ^ a b c Alejandra, Reina; Saldivar, Prado (2003). "Arriving at the River's Edge: Curatorial Trends in L.A". Smithsonian Center for Latino Initiatives. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 2015-02-23. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  23. ^ Perez, Laura E. (9 August 2007). Chicana Art. Duke University Press Books. ISBN 9780822338680.
  24. ^ Baron, Richard (15 January 2014). "Profile: Gaspar Enriquez". Newspaper Tree. Archived from the original on 14 April 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  25. ^ Zanetell, Myrna (19 January 2014). "Art of 'El Barrio'". El Paso Inc. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  26. ^ Acosta, Teresa Palomo; Curlee, Kendall (12 June 2010). "Chicano Art Networks". Texas Handbook Online. Texas State Historical Association. Archived from the original on 2015-04-13. Retrieved 6 April 2015.

Read other articles:

Keuskupan Tulle

Keuskupan TulleDioecesis TutelensisDiocèse de TulleKatolik Katedral TulleLokasiNegara PrancisProvinsi gerejawiPoitiersStatistikLuas5.896 km2 (2.276 sq mi)Populasi- Total- Katolik(per 2014)242.454223,000 (92.1%)Paroki296Imam54 (diosesan)5 (Ordo Relijius)InformasiDenominasiKatolik RomaGereja sui iurisGereja LatinRitusRitus RomaPendirian11 Juli 1317KatedralKatedral Notre Dame dan St. MartinusPelindungSanto Martinus dari ToursKepemimpinan kiniPausFransisku...

 

Theresa Tam

Theresa TamTam berpidato di acara Majelis Kesehatan Dunia 2019 di Jenewa Kepala Jabayan Kesehatan Masyarakat Kanada ke-3PetahanaMulai menjabat 26 Juni 2017Perdana MenteriJustin TrudeauMenteriJane PhilpottGinette Petitpas TaylorPatty Hajdu PendahuluGregory W. TaylorPenggantiPetahana Informasi pribadiLahir1965 (umur 58–59)Hong Kong BritaniaPekerjaanDokter Theresa Tam Hanzi tradisional: 譚詠詩 Hanzi sederhana: 谭咏诗 Alih aksara Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin: Tán Yǒngshī Yue (K...

 

2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio

For related races, see 2022 United States House of Representatives elections.Not to be confused with 2022 Ohio House of Representatives election. 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio ← 2020 November 8, 2022 2024 → All 15 Ohio seats to the United States House of Representatives   Majority party Minority party   Party Republican Democratic Last election 12 4 Seats won 10 5 Seat change 2 1 Popular vote 2,318,993 1,790,...

Al-Ghazali

Artikel ini membutuhkan rujukan tambahan agar kualitasnya dapat dipastikan. Mohon bantu kami mengembangkan artikel ini dengan cara menambahkan rujukan ke sumber tepercaya. Pernyataan tak bersumber bisa saja dipertentangkan dan dihapus.Cari sumber: Al-Ghazali – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTORArtikel ini perlu diterjemahkan dari bahasa Melayu ke bahasa Indonesia. Artikel ini ditulis atau diterjemahkan secara buruk dari Wikipedia bahasa ...

 

Loris Mignatti

Questa voce sull'argomento calciatori italiani è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Loris Mignatti Nazionalità  Italia Calcio Ruolo Difensore Termine carriera 1951 Carriera Squadre di club1 1945-1946 Entella? (?)1946-1948 Brindisi60 (0)1948-1951 Siracusa69 (0) 1 I due numeri indicano le presenze e le reti segnate, per le sole partite di campionato.Il simbolo → indica u...

 

Gennaro Bonsanto

Questa voce sull'argomento calciatori italiani è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Gennaro Bonsanto Nazionalità  Italia Calcio Ruolo Attaccante Carriera Giovanili ????-19251925-1929 Ardita Ausonia di Milano-Gorla Half 1919 Squadre di club1 1929-1932 Milan2 (0)1933-1934 Meda? (?)1934-1935 Pro Patria7 (2)1937-1940 Alfa Romeo? (?) 1 I due numeri indicano le prese...

Washington Monument State Park

Recreation area in Washington County, Maryland, US Washington Monument State ParkIUCN category III (natural monument or feature)[1]Washington MonumentLocation in MarylandLocationFrederick County & Washington County, Maryland, United StatesNearest townBoonsboro, MarylandCoordinates39°29′54″N 77°37′32″W / 39.49833°N 77.62556°W / 39.49833; -77.62556[2]Area191 acres (77 ha)[3]Elevation1,401 ft (427 m)[2]De...

 

Atelier (TV series)

Japanese television series Netflix title format Atelier (アンダーウェア, Andāwea, meaning Underwear) is a Japanese drama television series developed by Fuji Television for Netflix.[1][2][3] It is a coming of age drama set in a small high-class lingerie design house called Emotion, which is based in Tokyo's Ginza district. The drama centres around Mayuko Tokita, a new employee, and her struggle to find her place at Emotion.[4][5] Central to that ...

 

Alexandra Mohnhaupt

Mexican racing driver (born 1999) Alexandra MohnhauptMohnhaupt (left) in 2018Nationality MexicanBorn (1999-11-25) 25 November 1999 (age 24)Puebla, MexicoNACAM Formula 4 Championship careerDebut season2015–16Current teamRam RacingCar number5Former teamsMomoF4Starts57Championships0Wins2Podiums9Poles0Fastest laps0Best finish5th in 2017–18Previous series2016–2017F4 British Championship Alexandra Mohnhaupt Quintana (born 25 November 1999 in Puebla) is a Mexican racing driver of Ger...

العزيمة (فيلم)

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع العزيمة (توضيح). العزيمةمعلومات عامةالصنف الفني دراما، رومانسيتاريخ الصدور 6 نوفمبر 1939مدة العرض 110 دقيقةاللغة الأصلية لغة عربيةالعرض أبيض وأسود البلد  المملكة المصريةالطاقمالمخرج كمال سليمالقصة كمال سليمالحوار بديع خيريالسيناريو كمال سليمالب...

 

Industrialisme

Cet article est une ébauche concernant l’économie. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. IndustrialismeTome premier du Censeur, organe de l’industrialisme (1814).modifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata L’industrialisme est une théorie économique qui fait reposer la société moderne sur la maitrise de la nature par l’homme au moyen de deux éléments : la science et la techniqu...

 

Openet

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Openet – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Openet Telecom, Inc.Industrytelecommunication-softwareFoundedDublin, Ireland (1999)HeadquartersDublin, IrelandKey peopleNiall Norton, CEOJoe Hogan, Found...

Sion (monte)

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento montagne non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Monte SionStato Israele DistrettoGerusalemme Altezza765 m s.l.m. CatenaMonti della Giudea Coordinate31°46′18″N 35°13′43″E31°46′18″N, 35°13′43″E Mappa di localizzazioneMonte Sion Modi...

 

Abitur

Secondary school certificate in Germany, Lithuania and Estonia Abitur (German: [abiˈtuːɐ̯]), often shortened colloquially to Abi, is a qualification granted at the end of secondary education in Germany. It is conferred on students who pass their final exams at the end of ISCED 3, usually after twelve or thirteen years of schooling (see also, for Germany, Abitur after twelve years). In German, the term Abitur has roots in the archaic word Abiturium, which in turn was derived from t...

 

بلاد الرافدين

بلاد الرافدينمعلومات عامةالمنطقة غرب آسيا — الهلال الخصيب — نظام نهري دجلة والفرات وصفها المصدر  القائمة ... قاموس بروكهاوس وإفرون الموسوعي قاموس بروكهاوس وإفرون الموسوعي الصغير الموسوعة اليهودية لبروكهوس وإيفرون الموسوعة الكتابية للأرشمندريت نيكيفور موسوعة باولي ا...

Der Herr der Ringe

German radio play of the lord of the rings For other uses, see The Lord of the Rings (disambiguation). Radio show Der Herr der Ringe (The Lord of the Rings)GenreRadio dramaRunning time25 minutes per episodeCountry of originGermanyLanguage(s)GermanHome stationSüdwestrundfunk / Westdeutscher RundfunkStarringMatthias HaaseManfred SteffenHans Peter HallwachsEdgar HoppeGustl HalenkeWalter RenneisenRufus BeckTobias LelleMatthias PonnierCreated byJohn R. R. TolkienWritten byPeter F. Steinbach ...

 

鬼神童子ZENKI

鬼神童子ZENKI ジャンル アクション、ファンタジー 漫画 原作・原案など 谷菊秀 作画 黒岩よしひろ 出版社 集英社、竹書房 その他の出版社 長鴻出版社（12巻本） 天下出版社 掲載誌 月刊少年ジャンプ レーベル ジャンプコミックスバンブーコミックス 発売日 1993年 - 1996年（集英社）、2005年（竹書房） 発表号 1992年12月号 - 1996年9月増刊号 巻数 全12巻（集英社）、全7巻（...

 

Weisenbach

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (February 2009) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the German article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikip...

Herbie Hancock

Esta biografia de uma pessoa viva não cita fontes ou referências, o que compromete sua credibilidade. Ajude a melhorar este artigo providenciando fontes confiáveis e independentes. Material controverso sobre pessoas vivas sem apoio de fontes confiáveis e verificáveis deve ser imediatamente removido, especialmente se for de natureza difamatória. —Encontre fontes: ABW  • CAPES  • Google (N • L • A) (Janeiro de 2021) Herbie Ha...

 

Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield

Argentine sports club Football clubVélez SarsfieldFull nameClub Atlético Vélez SarsfieldNickname(s)El Fortín (The Fort)Founded1 January 1910; 114 years ago (1910-01-01)GroundJosé Amalfitani StadiumCapacity49,540ChairmanFabian BerlangaManagerGustavo QuinterosLeaguePrimera División202325thWebsiteClub website Home colours Away colours Current season Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield[1] (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsaɾfil]) is an Argentine sports club based in...