Βιογεωγραφία

 Το λήμμα δεν περιέχει πηγές ή αυτές που περιέχει δεν επαρκούν. Μπορείτε να βοηθήσετε προσθέτοντας την κατάλληλη τεκμηρίωση. Υλικό που είναι ατεκμηρίωτο μπορεί να αμφισβητηθεί και να αφαιρεθεί.
Η σήμανση τοποθετήθηκε στις 27/03/2015.

Η Βιογεωγραφία αποτελεί κλάδο της Φυσικής Γεωγραφίας. Συγκεκριμένα είναι ο επιστημονικός κλάδος που ασχολείται με τις μεγαδιαπλάσεις, δηλαδή οικοσυστήματα παρόμοιων περιβαλλοντικών και κλιματικών συνθηκών που καλύπτουν τεράστιες γεωγραφικές περιοχές, όπως αυτή της Μεσογείου.

Η Βιογεωγραφία δεν περιορίζεται μόνο στο να καταγράφει τη κατανομή των βιοκοινοτήτων που ζουν σε μια μεγαδιάπλαση, αλλά παράλληλα ερμηνεύει και αναλύει τις διεργασίες που συμβάλλουν στην εξέλιξη των οικοσυστημάτων.Για να είναι κατανοητός ο συγκεκριμένος κλάδος και βασικές έννοιες χρειάζεται να υπάρχουν γνώσεις στο αντικείμενο της Οικολογίας, καθώς και της Γεωμορφολογίας που εστιάζει στην εξέλιξη του αναγλύφου και τη μορφολογία του εδάφους (Βουνά, ποταμούς, λίμνες, θάλασσα, κλπ). Επιπροσθέτως είναι απαραίτητο να τονιστεί ότι η Βιογεωγραφία ανήκει στην επιστήμη της Γεωγραφίας όπως αυτή παρουσιάζεται σήμερα, διότι έχει τη δυνατότητα να προβλέπει την εξέλιξη του χώρου με το πέρασμα του χρόνου και τις επιδράσεις που δέχονται οι βιοκοινότητες εντός των μεγαδιαπλάσεων.


Βασικές έννοιες

  • Οικοσύστημα: Είναι το σύνολο των βιοκοινοτήτων και των αβιοτικών παραγόντων π.χ (άνεμος), καθώς και οι αλληλεπιδράσεις τους με το φυσικό περιβάλλον.
  • Οικολογία: Είναι η επιστήμη που μελετάει τις διεργασίες που συμβάλλουν στη κατανομή και αφθονία των οργανισμών, και τις σχέσεις μεταξύ οργανισμών με το φυσικό περιβάλλον.

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