Doppelzungenschleichen

Doppelzungenschleichen

Diploglossus lessonae

Systematik
ohne Rang: Sauropsida
Überordnung: Schuppenechsen (Lepidosauria)
Ordnung: Schuppenkriechtiere (Squamata)
ohne Rang: Toxicofera
ohne Rang: Schleichenartige (Anguimorpha)
Familie: Doppelzungenschleichen
Wissenschaftlicher Name
Diploglossidae
Boucourt, 1873

Die Doppelzungenschleichen (Diploglossidae) sind eine in Mexiko, in Mittelamerika, in Westkolumbien, an der brasilianischen Atlantikküste und im Stromgebiet des Río de la Plata und seiner Zuflüsse lebende Familie der Schleichenartigen (Anguimorpha).

Merkmale

Sie sind im Allgemeinen kleine Echsen, die über kleine, aber gut entwickelte Beine verfügen. Der Schwanz ist lang und autotom. Eine Seitenfalte fehlt für gewöhnlich. Das Stirnbein ist paarig. Im Unterkiefer zählt man stets mehr als 15 Zähne, die hinten liegenden sind zweispitzig. Gaumenzähne fehlen. Die Schuppen vor dem Scheitelbein sind klein. Die kleinste Doppelzungenschleichen-Art erreicht eine Länge von 6 cm (Celestus macrotus), die größte (Caribicus anelpistus) wird 28 cm lang.

Lebensweise

Doppelzungenschleichen kommen vor allem in Wäldern vor, einige Arten auch in Buschland oder in trockenem Grasland. Sie leben terrestrisch (auf dem Erdboden) oder grabend und sind meist nachtaktiv oder dämmerungsaktiv. Ihre Nahrung besteht vor allem aus Gliederfüßern und anderen Wirbellosen.

Innerhalb der Doppelzungenschleichen gibt es sowohl ovipare (eierlegende) als auch vivipare (lebendgebärende) Arten. Die Gelegegröße bzw. die Anzahl der frischgeborenen Jungtiere hängt von der Größe der Art ab und liegt zwischen zwei und 27.

Systematik

Caribicus warreni
Panolopus costatus
Panolopus marcanoi
Diploglossus fasciatus
Diploglossus monotropis
Ophiodes intermedius
Mesoamericus bilobatus
Siderolamprus ingridae

Zu den Doppelzungenschleichen gehören drei Unterfamilien, zwölf Gattungen und über 55 Arten:[1][2]

Die Doppelzungenschleichen waren bis vor kurzem eine Unterfamilie der Schleichen (Anguidae). Da sie nach verschiedenen phylogenetischen Studien aber die Schwestergruppe einer Klade von Schleichen und Ringelschleichen (Anniellidae) sind, beides Taxa im Familienrang, werden sie neuerdings ebenfalls als eigenständige Familie angesehen.[3][4]

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

  1. Molly Schools u. S. Blair Hedges: Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the Neotropical forest lizards (Squamata, Diploglossidae). Zootaxa, Vol. 4974 No. 2, Ma1 2021, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4974.2.1
  2. Diploglossidae In: The Reptile Database
  3. Robert Alexander Pyron, Frank T. Burbrink, John J. Wiens: A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. In: BMC Evolutionary Biology. Bd. 13, 2013, 93, doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-93.
  4. Zheng, Yuchi; John J. Wiens: Combining phylogenomic and supermatrix approaches, and a time-calibrated phylogeny for squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) based on 52 genes and 4162 species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2016, 94: 537–547, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009

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