Pictones

Peta lokasi suku-suku Galia (58 SM)

Pictones adalah suku yang tinggal di wilayah pesisir Teluk Biscay di sebelah selatan Sungai Loire.[1] Pada masa Kaisar Augustus (27 SM – 14 M), suku Pictones menjadi bagian dari Provinsi Gallia Aquitania yang lebih besar. Suku ini menjadi asal nama kota Poitiers dalam bahasa Latin - Limonum Pictonum / Pictavi.[2]

Suku ini telah membuat koin mereka sendiri pada akhir abad ke-2 SM. Mereka pertama kali tercatat dalam sumber tertulis ketika mereka berhadapan dengan Yulius Caesar. Suku Pictones bekerjasama dengan Caesar dan Caesar menganggap mereka sebagai salah satu suku yang lebih beradab daripada yang lainnya. Namun, 8.000 orang Pictones dikirim untuk membantu Vercingetorix melawan Romawi pada tahun 52 SM. Tindakan ini memecahbelah suku Pictones dan kemudian terjadi pemberontakan di kawasan Pictones yang akhirnya dipadamkan oleh Gaius Caninius Rebilus dan Caesar sendiri. Meskipun begitu, Caesar membutuhkan kemampuan mereka dalam membangun kapal untuk memperkuat armada Caesar di Loire,[3] dan mereka juga membantu Caesar dalam pertempuran-pertempuran laut, khususnya pertempuran melawan suku Veneti di Semenanjung Armorika.

Kota utama suku ini terletak di Lemonum (kini Poitiers). Ptolemeus menyebut keberadaan kota kedua yang disebut Ratiatum (Rezé modern).[4]

Referensi

  1. ^ Ptolemy, Geography ii.6 (Lacus Curtius on-line translation); Strabo, Geography, Book IV, Chapter 2.
  2. ^ "Limonum Pictonum / Pictavi = Civ. Pictavorum". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-01-26. Diakses tanggal 2018-09-13. 
  3. ^ Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico iii.11.
  4. ^ Ptolemy, Geography ii.6.
  • Cancik, Hubert; Schneider, Helmuth, ed. (2003), "Aquitania", Brill's New Pauly Encyclopedia of the Ancient World, II, Leiden: Brill Academic Publisher, ISBN 90-04-12259-1. 
  • Caesar, G. Julius (1990), "Gallic War I", dalam Lewis, Naphtali; Reinhold, Meyer, Roman Civilization: The Republic and the Augustan Age, I (edisi ke-3rd), New York: Columbia University Press, hlm. 216–219, ISBN 0-231-07131-0 
  • Crook, J.A.; Lintott, A.; Rawson, E., ed. (1970), The Cambridge Ancient History Set (The Cambridge Ancient History), IX (edisi ke-2nd), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-85073-8 
  • Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony, ed. (2003), Oxford Classical Dictionary (edisi ke-3rd), Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-866172-X 
  • Osgood, Josiah (April 2007), "Caesar in Gaul and Rome: War in Words", American Historical Review, 112 (2): 559–560, doi:10.1086/ahr.112.2.559a. 

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