Вакъф

Тази статия е за вида имот в Османската империя. За селото в Северна Македония вижте Вакуф.
Вакъфнаме от Охрид, 1491 г.

Вакъф (на турски: vakıf - вакъ̀ф, на арабски: وقف – уа̀каф) или ваку̀ф (под руско влияние), в Османската империя и други ислямски страни е недвижим имот или движимо имущество, предадено от държавата или отделно лице за религиозни или благотворителни цели.

Доходът от вакъфа отива за издръжка на мюсюлмански религиозен обект - например джамия, друг обществен обект - например мост, безистен, медресе, имарет, чешма, часовникова кула, кервансарай, пазар , за прехрана на бедни мюсюлмани и пр.

Вакъфите са неотчуждаеми по мюсюлманското право – шериата. Затова мюлковете често са превръщани от собствениците им във вакъфи чрез специално завещание - вакъфнаме, което определя каква част от доходите отиват за управителите и какво остава за издържаната институция.

В редица мюсюлмански страни и днес съществуват министерства на вакъфите или учреждения на по-ниско ниво в структурата на изпълнителната власт, които управляват тези обществени обекти и доходите от тях.

В съвременния турски език вакъф означава благотворителна фондация. Мюсюлманската институция, която се грижи за ислямските светини на Харам ал Шариф в Йерусалим, също е известна като Вакъфът.

Днес историческите извори, които предоставят относително пълна информация за вакъфските села, населението и приходите, събирани от тях, са османските данъчни регистри тахрир дефтери, чиито вакъфски секции след средата на ХVІ в. най-често са подвързани в отделни евкаф дефтери.[1]

Вижте също

Външни препратки

Източници

  1. ↑ Григор Бойков, Мария Кипровска, Вакъфските села и сгради в България през османския период / Вакъфите в България, Университетско издателство "Св. Климент Охридски" - София, 2020 ISBN 978-954-07-5098-9, стр. 43
     Портал „История на България“         Портал „История на България“          Портал „Османска империя“         Портал „Османска империя“    

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