The designation Kosmos (Russian: Космос meaning Cosmos) is a generic name given to a large number of Soviet, and subsequently Russian, satellites, the first of which was launched in 1962. Satellites given Kosmos designations include military spacecraft, failed probes to the Moon and the planets, prototypes for crewed spacecraft, and scientific spacecraft. This is a list of satellites with Kosmos designations between 1 and 250.
Radio technology used to study structure of Ionosphere[1]
25 May 1962
Kapustin Yar launch. Orbit 217 x 980 km. Inclination 49 degrees. Weight-possibly 200 kg. Initially classified as Sputnik 11.[1] DS-2 #1, first of two DS-2 satellites
Military reconnaissance. Measure radiation before and after US nuclear tests.[1]
29 April 1962
Baikonur launch. Orbit 298 x 330 km. Inclination 65 degrees. 5m x 2m dimensions. Weight-about 4 tonnes. First military satellite. First spacecraft to be recovered.[1] orientation system malfunctioned
Onboard TV and infraredphotography technology provided coverage of about 8% of the surface of the Earth - Kosmos 144 produced pictures of cloud and of snow and ice fields. Data on radiation streams reflected and emitted by the Earth and the Earth's atmosphere over about 20% of the Earths surface were provided on each orbit.[6]
Onboard TV and infraredphotography technology provided coverage of about 8% of the surface of the Earth - Kosmos 156 produced pictures of cloud and of snow and ice fields. Data on radiation streams reflected and emitted by the Earth and the Earth's atmosphere over about 20% of the Earths surface were provided on each orbit.[6]
Orbit 628 km circular. Inclination 81 degrees. Kosmos 184 was 20 minutes ahead of Meteor satellite Kosmos 206 on the same circular orbit. Kosmos 206 was able to check data from Kosmos 184.[6]
Carried out the world's first ever automatic docking, and the Soviet Union's first ever docking of any kind.[6] Prototype Soyuz, docked with Kosmos 188
Was the passive docking target for active craft Kosmos 186. The two Kosmos crafts carried out the world's first ever automatic docking. The docking was the Soviet Union's first ever docking of any kind.[6] Prototype Soyuz, docked with Kosmos 186
Orbit just below 800 km. Inclination 74 degrees. This was the first USSR Navsat Kosmos satellite.[9] Spewed about 20 debris on its orbit in Aug. 30, 2009. This was possibly due to impact with unknown object or due to breach of pressurized compartment [10]
Baikonur launch. Orbit 249 x 270 km. Inclination 65 degrees. Weight-possibly 3,500 kg. First development flight of nuclear-powered radar ocean surveillance satellite. On 29 December 1967 the satellite was maneuvered to a storage orbit of 894 x 952 km.[6]
Orbit 628 km circular. Inclination 81 degrees. Kosmos 206 was 20 minutes behind meteor satellite Kosmos 184 and on the same orbit. Kosmos 206 was able to check the data of Kosmos 184.[6]
Studied heat emission from the Earth and the Earth's atmosphere.[6]
4 October 1968
Baikonur launch. Orbit 209 x 319 km. Inclination 71 degrees. Weight 6 tonnes. The first satellite to study heat emission from Earth and its atmosphere. An Antarctic ice map was able to be made. Moisture content of the atmosphere was able to be recorded. Central points of intensive precipitation hidden by dense clouds were able to be discovered. Water surface temperatures for large parts of the Pacific Ocean were able to be mapped in less than the time of one orbit. Kosmos 243 was probably recovered after 11 days.[6]