Kodi language

Kodi
Native toIndonesia
RegionSumba Island
Native speakers
(undated figure of 20,000)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3kod
Glottologkodi1247

Kodi is a Sumba language of Indonesia. The population figure may include Gaura, which Ethnologue counts as a dialect of both the Lamboya and Kodi languages.[2] Kodi is an Austronesian language that is mainly spoken in Nusa Tenggara Timur province, the western part of the island of Sumba in eastern Indonesia. An alternate name for Kodi is Kudi and dialects of the language include Kodi Bokol, Kodi Bangedo, Nggaro (Nggaura) and is most alike to Wejewa.[3] With only approximately 20,000 speakers, the Kodi language is an endangered language.

Classification

Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Sumba-Hawu, Sumba, Kodi-Gaura.[4]

History

The Kodi language is derived from the Melanesian and Austronesian languages since its inhabitants arrived in Sumba in the 1500s. The Kodi society can be described as "isolated from history" since being colonized by the Dutch empire during the 1800s. The Kodi people live remotely in West Sumba located in Eastern Indonesia without a political leader.[5]

Geographic distribution

Kodi is spoken in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province; west Sumba located in Eastern Indonesia.

Dialects/varieties

Kodi has a population of approximately 20,000 speakers. Other known names and dialects of Kodi include: Kodi Bangedo, Kodi Bokol, Kudi, Nggaro, and Nggaura. May be most similar to Wejewa.[6]

Phonology

Consonants[7]
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive p t tʃ k ʔ
Prenasalized ᵐb ⁿd ⁿdʒ ᵑg
Implosive ɓ ɗ ɠ
Fricative s h
Nasal m n ŋ
Approximant w r, l j
Vowels[7]
Front Central Back
High i u
Mid e o
Low a

Sound system

Global Recordings Network has a short biblical story spoken in the Kodi language.[8]

Vocabulary

habali a mekena – 'returning the honor'

ngara – 'renown' (lit. 'name')

meke – 'honor'

witti wyulla – 'the feet of the moon'

limya lodo – 'the hand of the sun'[9]

References

  1. ^ Kodi at Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013) Closed access icon
  2. ^ "Kodi". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2017-04-29.
  3. ^ "Verbix Languages Languages/Kodi". wiki.verbix.com. Retrieved 2017-04-29.
  4. ^ "Glottolog 3.0 – Kodi-Gaura". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2017-04-29.
  5. ^ Hoskins, Janet (1993). The Play of Time: Kodi Perspectives on Calendars, History, and Exchange. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-20892-7.
  6. ^ "Kodi [kod]". Global Recordings Network. Archived from the original on 2016-03-12. Retrieved 2017-04-30.
  7. ^ a b Ekayani, Ni Putu; Mbete, Aron Meko; Putra, A.A. (2016). "Sistem fonologi bahasa Kodi di pulau Sumba". Linguistika: Buletin Ilmiah Program Magister Linguistik Universitas Udayana (in Indonesian). 21: 1–18.
  8. ^ "Words of Life – Kodi". Global Recordings Network. Archived from the original on 2017-04-24. Retrieved 2017-04-29.
  9. ^ Hoskins, Janet Alison (1986). "So My Name Shall Live: Stone-Dragging and Grave-Building in Kodi, West Sumba". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. 142 (1): 31–51. doi:10.1163/22134379-90003367. JSTOR 27863717.