Sahu language

Not to be confused with the Saho language.
Sahu
Native toIndonesia
RegionHalmahera
Native speakers
(7,500 cited 1987)[1]
Dialects
  • Waioli
  • Pa'disua
  • Gamkonora
  • Tala'i
  • Ibu †
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
saj – Sahu
ibu – Ibu
Glottologsahu1245  Sahu
ibuu1240  Ibu
ELPIbu

Sahu (Sa’u, Sahu’u, Sau) is a North Halmahera language. Use is vigorous; dialects are Pa’disua (Palisua), Tala’i, Waioli, and Gamkonora. A fifth dialect, Ibu, used to be spoken near the mouth of the Ibu River.[2]

Sahu has many Ternate loanwords, a historical legacy of the dominance of the Ternate Sultanate in the Moluccas.[3]

Phonology[4]

Sahu, like other North Halmahera languages, is not a tonal language.

Consonants

Sahu consonant phonemes
Labial Alveolar Palato-
alveolar 		Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive/
Affricate 		voiceless p t tʃ k ʔ
voiced b d dʒ ɡ
implosive ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ
Fricative f s
Approximant central w j h
lateral l
Trill r

When preceding /a/, /o/, and /u/, the consonants /d/, /ɗ/, and /l/ become retroflex (/ɖ/, /ᶑ/, and /ɭ/, respectively). The trill /r/ alternates freely with /ɾ/, but, according to Visser and Voorhoeve, /r/ is the more usual allophone. The glottal /h/ may be realized as /χ/ by educated speakers for certain words deriving from Arabic.

Vowels

Sahu vowel phonemes
Front Central Back
High i u
Mid e ə o
Low a

The phoneme /ə/ is only found in loans (primarily from Indonesian).

References

  1. ^ Sahu at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
    Ibu at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  2. ^ Visser, L. E. and C.L. Voorhoeve. 1987. Sahu-Indonesian-English Dictionary and Sahu Grammar Sketch. Dordrecht: Foris.
  3. ^ Holton, Gary; Klamer, Marian (2018). "The Papuan languages of East Nusantara and the Bird's Head". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 569–640. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
  4. ^ Visser, L. E. and C.L. Voorhoeve. 1987. Sahu-Indonesian-English Dictionary and Sahu Grammar Sketch. Dordrecht: Foris.

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