2024 in paleoichthyology

List of years in paleoichthyology
In paleontology
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
In paleobotany
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
In arthropod paleontology
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
In paleoentomology
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
In paleomalacology
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
In reptile paleontology
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
In archosaur paleontology
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
In paleomammalogy
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027

This list of fossil fish research presented in 2024 is a list of new fossil taxa of jawless vertebrates, placoderms, cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, and other fishes that were described during the year, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleoichthyology that occurred in 2024.

Jawless vertebrates

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

Caeruleum gracilis[1]

Sp. nov

Valid

Huang et al.

Early Cretaceous

Jiufotang Formation

 China

A lamprey.

Changxingaspis nianzhongi[2]

Sp. nov

Valid

Li et al.

Silurian

Tataertag Formation

 China

A member of Galeaspida belonging to the family Xiushuiaspidae.

Miaojiaaspis[3]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Chen et al.

Silurian (Telychian)

Huixingshao Formation

 China

A member of Galeaspida belonging to the group Eugaleaspiformes and the family Tujiaaspidae. The type species is M. dichotomus.

Orthogoniaspis amnicus[4]

Sp. nov

Elliott

Devonian

 Canada
( Nunavut)

A member of Heterostraci belonging to the family Weigeltaspididae.

Jawless vertebrate research

  • A study on the evolutionary history of hagfishes, as indicated by the fossil record and molecular data, is published by Brownstein & Near (2024), who consider the hagfish crown group to be a lineage with Early Permian origin and a long history in continental slope settings.[5]
  • Brookfield (2024) interprets Jamoytius kerwoodi as a probable detritivore or herbivore feeding on Dictyocaris (interpreted by the author as possible algal thalli).[6]
  • Evidence interpreted as indicating that oral plates of pteraspid heterostracans had a mechanical function and that the studied heterostracans likely had a bottom-dwelling feeding mode, such as deposit feeding or scavenging, is presented by Grohganz et al. (2024).[7]
  • A study on the structure of pteraspid oral plates and associated denticles is published by Grohganz et al. (2024), who interpret their findings as indicating that heterostracan oral plate denticles were not homologous with teeth of jawed vertebrates.[8]
  • Botella, Fariña & Huera-Huarte (2024) present evidence indicating that, in spite of lacking movable appendages other than tail fin, members of Pteraspidiformes were able to colonize the water column because the shape of their head shield made to possible for them attain high lift forces in a way similar to delta wings.[9]
  • Description of the feeding apparatus of Rhinopteraspis dunensis, interpreted as composed of 13 plates that were capable of rotating around the transverse axis, is published by Dearden et al. (2024), who interpret R. dunensis as a suspension or deposit feeder.[10]
  • Shan et al. (2024) describe new fossil material of "Dongfangaspis" qujingensis and Damaspis vartus from the Devonian Xishancun Formation (China), and reinterpret "D." qujingensis as a member of the genus Damaspis.[11]

Placoderms

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

Groenlandaspis howittensis[12]

Sp. nov

Valid

Fitzpatrick, Clement & Long

Devonian

Bindaree Formation

 Australia

Placoderm research

  • Jobbins et al. (2024) describe new fossil material of Alienacanthus malkowskii, providing evidence of elongation of the lower jaw which was twice as long as the skull.[13]
  • Engelman (2024) presents a new reconstruction of Dunkleosteus terrelli, and provides the anatomical basis for the reconstruction including a stout, deep trunk.[14]

Cartilaginous fishes

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Country Notes Images

Aellopobatis[15]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Türtscher et al.

Late Jurassic (Tithonian)

 Germany

A member of Batomorphii belonging to the family Spathobatidae. The type species is A. bavarica.

Amtaaguar[16]

Gen. et comb. nov

De Pasqua et al.

Neogene

 Argentina
 France
 United States

An eagle ray. The type species is "Myliobatis" crassus (Gervais, 1859).

Belgabatis[17]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Reinecke et al.

Paleogene

 Belgium

A dasyatoid batomorph. The type species is "Dasyatis" thierryi Smith (1999).

Casierabatis[17]

Gen. et sp. comb. nov

Valid

Reinecke et al.

Paleogene

 Belgium

A dasyatoid batomorph. Genus includes new species C. lambrechtsi, as well as "Trygon" jaekeli Leriche (1905).

Centrodeania[18]

Gen. et 2 sp. nov

Valid

Feichtinger et al.

Paleocene (Danian)

Oiching Formation

 Austria

A member of the family Centrophoridae. The type species is C. rugosa; genus also includes C. annae.

Chlamydoselachus kamchaticus[19]

Sp. nov

Valid

Malyshkina & Nazarkin

Eocene

Peresheek Mountain Formation

 Russia
( Kamchatka Krai)

A species of Chlamydoselachus.

Columnaodus[20]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Cicimurri et al.

Carboniferous (Mississippian)

Contact horizon between Burlington and Keokuk Limestones

 United States
( Illinois
 Iowa)

A member of Hybodontoidea of uncertain affinities. The type species is C. witzkei.

Cosmoselachus[21]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Bronson et al.

Carboniferous (Mississippian)

Fayetteville Shale

 United States
( Arkansas)

A member of the family Falcatidae. The type species is C. mehlingi.

Danodalatias[22]

Gen. et sp. et comb. nov

Valid

Popov, Lopyrev & Yarkov

Paleocene

 New Zealand
 Russia
( Volgograd Oblast)

A member of the family Dalatiidae. Genus includes new species D. ochevi, as well as "Centroselachus" goordi Mannering & Hiller (2008).

Eostriatolamia iktensis[23]

Sp. nov

Valid

Duffin & Batchelor

Early Cretaceous (Aptian)

Vectis Formation

 United Kingdom

A member of Lamniformes.

Essexraja[17]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Reinecke et al.

Eocene

London Clay

 United Kingdom

A batomorph. The type species is E. ypresiensis.

Eurasiabatis[17]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Reinecke et al.

Paleogene

Tielt Formation

 Belgium

A batomorph. The type species is E. occlusostriata.

Glaucopristis[17]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Reinecke et al.

Paleogene

 Belgium

A rhinopristiform batomorph. The type species is "Rhinobatus" bruxelliensis Jaekel (1894).

Glikmanius careforum[24]

Sp. nov

Valid

Hodnett et al.

Carboniferous (Mississippian)

 United States
( Alabama
 Kentucky)

Gunnellia[25]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Ivanov & Duffin

Carboniferous

 Russia
( Moscow Oblast)

A member of the family Anachronistidae. The type species is G. tatianae.

Gyracanthides riniensis[26]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gess & Burrow

Devonian (Famennian)

Waterloo Farm lagerstätte

 South Africa

A gyracanthid acanthodian.

Gyracanthus? jasperi[27]

Sp. nov

Valid

Snyder, Burrow & Turner

Carboniferous (Mississippian)

Ste. Genevieve Formation

 United States
( Iowa)

A gyracanthid acanthodian.

Heterodontus adneti[28]

Sp. nov

Valid

Migom

Eocene

 France

A bullhead shark.

Incognitorapax[18]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Feichtinger et al.

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) and Paleocene (Danian)

 Austria
 Germany

A member of the family Etmopteridae. The type species is I. fernsebneri.

Orthacanthus adamas[29]

Nom. nov

Valid

Babcock

Carboniferous

Upper Freeport Coal

 United States
( Ohio)

A replacement name for Orthacanthus gracilis Newberry (1875).

Orthacanthus lintonensis[29]

Nom. nov

Valid

Babcock

Carboniferous

Upper Freeport Coal

 United States
( Ohio)

A replacement name for Diplodus gracilis Newberry (1857).

Palaeohypotodus bizzocoi[30]

Sp. nov

Valid

Ebersole, Cicimurri & Harrell

Paleocene (Danian)

Porters Creek Formation

 United States
( Alabama)

A member of Lamniformes belonging to the family Jaekelotodontidae.

Parvodus ominechonensis[31]

Sp. nov

Valid

Breeden et al.

Late Triassic (Carnian)

Momonoki Formation

 Japan

A lonchidiid hybodontiform.

Pteroscyllium downesi[32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Duffin & Batchelor

Early Cretaceous (Aptian)

Atherfield Clay Formation

 United Kingdom

A carcharhiniform shark with affinities with catsharks.

Pteroscyllium sweetmani[23]

Sp. nov

Valid

Duffin & Batchelor

Early Cretaceous (Aptian)

Vectis Formation

 United Kingdom

Scyliorhinus alaformis[18]

Sp. nov

Valid

Feichtinger et al.

Paleocene (Danian)

Oiching Formation

 Austria

A species of Scyliorhinus.

Serratodasyatis[17]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Reinecke et al.

Paleogene

 Belgium

A dasyatoid batomorph. The type species is "Dasyatis" tricuspidatus Casier (1946).

Sheppeytrygon[17]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Reinecke et al.

Eocene

London Clay

 United Kingdom

A dasyatoid batomorph. The type species is "Dasyatis" davisi Casier (1966).

Troglocladodus[24]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Hodnett et al.

Carboniferous (Mississippian)

 United States
( Alabama
 Kentucky)

A ctenacanthid. Genus includes T. trimblei.

Turovella[25]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Ivanov & Duffin

Carboniferous

 Russia
( Moscow Oblast)

A member of the family Anachronistidae. The type species is T. lebedevi.

Vectiscyllium[32]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Duffin & Batchelor

Early Cretaceous (Aptian)

Atherfield Clay Formation

 United Kingdom

A carcharhiniform shark with affinities with catsharks. The type species is V. atherfieldensis.

Xampylodon diastemacron[33]

Sp. nov

Dos Santos et al.

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

Lopez de Bertodano Formation

Antarctica

A cow shark.

Cartilaginous fish research

  • Schnetz et al. (2024) study the completeness of the Paleozoic fossil record of chondrichthyans, finding it to be significantly lower compared to other investigated vertebrate groups.[34]
  • A study on the diversification of chondrichthyans throughout the Paleozoic is published by Schnetz et al. (2024), who report evidence indicative of two increases of diversification rates in the earliest Devonian and in the earliest Carboniferous,and of dispersal into deeper-water environments in the aftermath of the Hangenberg event.[35]
  • A diverse assemblage of cartilaginous fish fossils is described from the Eocene Osinovaya Formation (Rostov Oblast, Russia) by Popov et al. (2024).[36]
  • A study on the anatomy of the pharynx of Acanthodes confusus, providing evidence of the presence of a mixture of characters seen in cartilaginous and bony fish, is published by Dearden, Herrel & Pradel (2024).[37]
  • The first fossil material of obruchevodid petalodonts found outside the Bear Gulch Limestone, including teeth of Fissodopsis robustus and Netsepoye hawesi providing information on their three-dimensional tooth morphology, is described from the Carboniferous (Mississippian) Bangor Limestone (Alabama, United States) by Egli et al. (2024).[38]
  • Brownstein, Near & Dearden (2024) reconstruct the evolutionary history of holocephalans, and argue that, while key features of the holocephalan body plan evolved in the Paleozoic, the group entered deep ocean waters and diversified there only after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.[39]
  • New hybodont assemblage, representing one of the oldest records of Jurassic hybodonts from Gondwana reported to date, is described from the Bajocian Jaisalmer Formation (India) by Ghosh et al. (2024).[40]
  • The oldest fossil material of members of the genus Strophodus from Gondwana reported to date is described from the ?Early to Middle Jurassic succession of Kachchh Basin (India) by Bhosale et al. (2024).[41]
  • Cuny & Chanthasit (2024) describe egg capsules of Palaeoxyris sp. from the Jurassic Phu Kradung Formation (Thailand), interpreted as indicating that at least some hybodont sharks in Jurassic Thailand reproduced in fresh waters.[42]
  • Fossil material of Aegyptobatus kuehnei, formerly known only from the Bahariya Formation (Egypt), is described from the Alcântara Formation (Brazil) by Neves et al. (2024).[43]
  • A study on the evolutionary history of selachians (modern sharks) is published by Sternes, Schmitz & Higham (2024), who argue that modern sharks expanded to the pelagic realm no later than the Barremian, that habitat influenced the morphology of their pectoral fins, and that the increase of sea surface temperature in the middle of the Cretaceous period was an important factor in driving the evolution of shark ecology and morphology.[44]
  • Guinot et al. (2024) describe a new specimen of Palaeocarcharias stromeri from the Tithonian strata of the Canjuers Lagerstätte (France), providing new information on the anatomy of members of this species, and classify P. stromeri as a carpet shark that might be related to wobbegongs.[45]
  • The first fossil material of a member of the wobbegong genus Cederstroemia from Asia reported to date is described from the Santonian Kashima Formation (Japan) by Kaneko & Solonin (2024).[46]
  • Vullo et al. (2024) describe new fossil material of Ptychodus from the Upper Cretaceous strata in Mexico, providing evidence that Ptychodus was a high-speed mackerel shark that likely fed on nektonic hard-shelled prey such as ammonites and sea turtles.[47]
  • Fossil material of mackerel sharks, including one of the youngest records of Cretoxyrhina mantelli reported to date, is described from the Campanian Duwi Formation (Egypt) by Yassin et al. (2024).[48]
  • Shimada et al. (2024) describe two isolated teeth of Megalolamna paradoxodon from the Miocene Calvert Formation (Maryland, United States), representing the northernmost record of Megalolamna reported to date, and a tooth from the Oligocene Chandler Bridge Formation (South Carolina, United States) which might represent the geologically oldest record of a member of the genus Megalolamna reported to date.[49]
  • Pollerspöck & Shimada (2024) describe fossil material of members of the genus Megalolamna from the Miocene strata in Austria, France, Germany and Italy, and interpret the type species of this genus, M. paradoxodon, as a junior synonym of "Otodus" serotinus Probst (1879), resulting in a new combination Megalolamna serotinus.[50]
  • Sternes et al. (2024) reevaluate the accuracy of the body form of Otodus megalodon inferred by Cooper et al. (2022),[51] compare an incomplete vertebral column of a specimen of O. megalodon from the Miocene of Belgium with corresponding parts of the vertebral columns of extant white sharks, and argue that O. megalodon had an elongated body relative to the body of the white shark.[52]
  • Bateman & Larsson (2024) describe fossil material of Otodus megalodon from Georges Bank (Nova Scotia, Canada), possibly found at or near the northern range limit of the species.[53]
  • Paredes-Aliaga & Herraiz (2024) compare tooth microwear of the Miocene Otodus megalodon and the Pliocene great white shark from Spain, and interpret the two species as likely competing for similar prey, with the tooth wear of the great white shark possibly indicating the preference for a slightly more abrasive diet.[54]
  • The first fossil tooth of a shark (great white shark) embedded in a seal bone reported to date is described from the Peace River Formation (Florida, United States) by Godfrey et al. (2024).[55]
  • Greenfield (2024) coins the name Arthrobatidae as a replacement for the invalid name of the possible batomorph family Arthropteridae.[56]
  • Capasso et al. (2024) describe rostrum of a large specimen of Onchopristis from the Maastrichtian Dakhla Formation (Egypt), providing evidence of persistence of Onchopristis in the marine environments of North Africa until the end of the Cretaceous.[57]
  • Kocsis (2024) reviews the fossil record of Elasmobranchii from the Malay Archipelago and describes new fossils of elasmobranchs from the Miocene strata in Brunei and from the Sibuti Formation (Sarawak, Malaysia), including the first fossils of Chiloscyllium sp., cf. Hemitriakis sp., Paragaleus sp., the Borneo shark, the blacktip shark, Lamiopsis sp., Scoliodon sp. and Rhinobatos sp. from the Malay Archipelago reported to date.[58]
  • Evidence from the study of dental microwear in extant chondrichthyans, interpreted as indicating that dental microwear analysis can provide reliable information on the diet of fossil taxa, is presented by Paredes-Aliaga, Botella & Romero (2024).[59]
  • Cooper & Pimiento (2024) assess the functional diversity of sharks from 66 million years to the present using teeth, finding that shark functional diversity was high between the Palaeocene and its Miocene peak, and subsequently declined over the last 10 million years to its lowest value in the present. They interpret this decline as being due to the extinctions of functionally unique and specialised species such as †Otodus megalodon.[60]

Ray-finned fishes

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

Afrocascudo[61]

Gen. et sp. nov

Disputed

Brito et al.

Late Cretaceous

Kem Kem Group
(Douira Formation)

 Morocco

Originally described as a member of the family Loricariidae; Britz et al. (2024) considered the holotype specimen to be more likely a juvenile specimen of a species of the gar genus Obaichthys,[62] while Brito et al. (2024) reaffirmed the original identification.[63] The type species is A. saharaensis.

Amia basiloides[64]

Sp. nov

Brownstein & Near

Paleocene

Fort Union Formation

 United States
( Montana)

A species of Amia.

Angiolinia[65]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Carnevale & Tyler

Eocene

Monte Bolca Lagerstätte

 Italy

A member of the family Zanclidae. The type species is A. mirabilis.

Archaeotetraodon bemisae[66]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bannikov & Tyler

Miocene

Maikop Group

 Russia
( Krasnodar Krai)

A member of the family Tetraodontidae.

Barschichthys[67]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Arratia & Schultze

Middle Triassic (Anisian)

Muschelkalk

 Germany

A member of Teleosteomorpha, the type genus of the new family Barschichthyidae. The type species is B. ruedersdorfensis.

Beksinskiella[68]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Granica, Bieńkowska-Wasiluk & Pałdyna

Oligocene

 Czech Republic
 Poland
 Ukraine

A member of Clupeoidei of uncertain affinities. The type species is "Meletta" longimana Heckel (1850).

Buapichthys[69]

Gen. et sp. nov

Medina-Castañeda, Cantalice & Castañeda-Posadas

Late Cretaceous (Turonian)

Mexcala Formation

 Mexico

A member of Crossognathiformes belonging to the group Pachyrhizodontoidei. The type species is B. gracilis.

Bunocephalus serranoi[70]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bogan & Agnolín

Miocene

Ituzaingó Formation

 Argentina

A species of Bunocephalus.

Cretapantodon[71]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Taverne

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)

 Lebanon

A member of the family Pantodontidae. The type species is C. polli.

Daemodontiscus[72]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Friedman et al.

Carboniferous (Kasimovian)

Atrasado Formation

 United States
( New Mexico)

An early ray-finned fish. The type species is D. harrisae.

Dapalis absconditus[73]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bradić-Milinović & Ahnelt

Oligocene

 Serbia

Dapalis octospinus[73]

Sp. nov

Valid

Ahnelt & Bradić-Milinović

Oligocene

 Serbia

Dapalis parvus[73]

Sp. nov

Valid

Ahnelt & Bradić-Milinović

Oligocene

 Serbia

Dapalis pauciserratus[74]

Sp. nov

Valid

Ahnelt, Bradić-Milinović & Schwarzhans

Oligocene

 Serbia

Dapalis quintus[73]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bradić-Milinović & Ahnelt

Oligocene

 Serbia

Eosemionotus ratumensis[75]

Sp. nov

Valid

Diependaal et al.

Middle Triassic (Anisian)

Vossenveld Formation

 Netherlands

A member of the family Macrosemiidae.

Gregarialepis[76]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Bakaev & Sergienko in Bakaev

Permian

Leninsk Formation

 Russia

A member of Elonichthyiformes. The type species is G. binaria.

Landanaelops[77]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

Taverne & Smith

Paleocene (Selandian)

 Angola

A member of the family Elopidae. The type species is L. gunnelli.

Lates odessanus[78]

Sp. nov

Kovalchuk et al.

Miocene

 Ukraine

A species of Lates.

Laubeichthys[79]

Gen. et comb. nov

Reichenbacher & Přikryl

Oligocene

 Czech Republic
 Germany

A member of Gobioidei, possibly a member of the lineage of Pirskeniidae. The type species is "Lepidocottus" gracilis Laube (1901).

Macroprosopon[80]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Capobianco, Zouhri & Friedman

Eocene (Ypresian)

Ouled Abdoun Basin

 Morocco

A member of the family Osteoglossidae belonging to the subfamily Phareodontinae. The type species is M. hiltoni.

Makaira adensa[81]

Sp. nov

Valid

De Gracia et al.

Miocene

Pietra Leccese Formation

 Italy

A marlin, a species of Makaira.

Makaira cyclovata[81]

Sp. nov

Valid

De Gracia et al.

Miocene

Pietra Leccese Formation

 Italy

A marlin, a species of Makaira.

Marcopoloichthys mirigioliensis[82][83]

Sp. nov

Valid

Arratia, Bürgin & Furrer

Middle Triassic (Anisian)

Besano Formation

  Switzerland

A stem teleosteomorph.

Megalomatia[84]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Kim et al.

Late Triassic

Amisan Formation

 South Korea

A basal ray-finned fish. The type species is M. minima.

Mengius[85]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Thies, Stevens & Ansorge

Early Jurassic (Toarcian)

Ciechocinek Formation

 Germany

A member of the family Lepidotidae. The type species is M. acutidens.

Mesolepis arabellae[86]

Sp. nov

Elliott & Giles

Carboniferous (Bashkirian)

Scottish Lower Coal Measure Formation

 United Kingdom

A member of Eurynotiformes.

Mioscomber[87]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Bannikov & Erebakan

Miocene

 Croatia
 Russia

A member of the family Scombridae. The type species is "Auxis" caucasica Bogachev (1933); genus also includes "Auxis" vrabcensis Kramberger (1882), "A." thynnoides Kramberger (1882) and "Scomber" sujedanus Steindachner (1860).

Miovalencia[88]

Gen. et sp. et comb. nov

Valid

Mainero, Vasilyan & Reichenbacher

Miocene

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
 France
 Greece

A member of the family Valenciidae. The type species is M. bugojnensis; genus also includes M. chios (Malz, 1978) and M. angulosa (Steurbaut, 1978).

Nasrinsotoudehichthys[89]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Ebert & López-Arbarello

Late Jurassic (Tithonian)

Zandt Basin

 Germany

A member of Caturoidea of uncertain affinities. The type species is "Liodesmus" sprattiformis Wagner (1863).

Perledovatus[90]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

López-Arbarello & Brocke

Middle Triassic (Ladinian)

Perledo-Varenna Formation

 Italy

A member of Halecomorphi belonging to the family Subortichthyidae. The type species is "Allolepidotus" nothosomoides Deecke (1889).

Pizzikoskerma[81]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

De Gracia et al.

Miocene

Pietra Leccese Formation

 Italy

A marlin. The type species is P. salentina.

Planalepis[76]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Bakaev & Sergienko in Bakaev

Permian

Tailugan Formation

 Russia

A member of Elonichthyiformes. The type species is P. diserta.

Pogonias blettleri[91]

Sp. nov

Valid

Noriega et al.

Miocene

Paraná Formation

 Argentina

A species of Pogonias.

Protosphyraena terminalis[92]

Sp. nov

Kanarkina, Zverkov & Polyakova

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

 Belgium

Pseudopholidoctenus[67]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Arratia & Schultze

Middle Triassic (Anisian)

Muschelkalk

 Germany

A member of the family Pholidophoridae. The type species is P. germanicus.

Ruedersdorfia[67]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Arratia & Schultze

Middle Triassic (Anisian)

Muschelkalk

 Germany

A member of Teleosteomorpha of uncertain affinities. The type species is R. berlinensis.

Sanalosa[93]

Gen. et sp. nov

Bienkowska-Wasiluk, Granica & Kovalchuk

Oligocene (Rupelian)

Menilite Formation

 Poland

A member of the family Alosidae. The type species is S. janulosa.

Sicophasma[81]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

De Gracia et al.

Miocene

Pietra Leccese Formation

 Italy

A marlin. The type species is S. macrocanalata.

Simpsonigobius[94]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Dirnberger, Bauer & Reichenbacher

Miocene

Zeytindağ Group

 Turkey

A member of Gobiiformes. The type species is S. nerimanae.

Stambergichthys[95]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Barták et al.

Carboniferous (Moscovian)

Kladno Formation

 Czech Republic

An early ray-finned fish. The type species is S. macrodens.

Stereolepis arcanum[96]

Sp. nov

Valid

Přikryl & Lin in Přikryl et al.

Pliocene

Upper Kueichulin Formation

Taiwan

A species of Stereolepis.

Tahnaichthys[97]

Gen. et sp. nov

Pacheco-Ordaz, Mejía & Alvarado-Ortega

Early Cretaceous (Albian)

 Mexico

A member of the family Pycnodontidae. The type species is T. magnuserrata.

Teffichthys wui[98]

Sp. nov

Valid

Xu et al.

Early Triassic (Olenekian)

Lower Qinglong Formation

 China

Toarcocephalus[99]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Cooper, López-Arbarello & Maxwell

Early Jurassic (Toarcian)

Posidonia Shale

 Germany

A member of the family Coccolepididae. The type species is T. morlok.

Vinciguerria shinjiensis[100]

Sp. nov

Yabumoto, Nomura & Nazarkin

Miocene

Kuri Formation

 Japan

A species of Vinciguerria.

Wilsonilebias[88]

Gen. et 2 sp. nov

Valid

Mainero, Vasilyan & Reichenbacher

Miocene

 Bosnia and Herzegovina

A member of the family Valenciidae. The type species is W. langhianus; genus also includes W. rotundascendus.

Xeneichthys[101]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Arratia & González-Rodríguez

Early Cretaceous (Albian)

El Doctor Formation

 Mexico

A member of Euteleosteomorpha of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is X. yanesi.

Otolith taxa

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

Acromycter gratus[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A species of Acromycter.

Advenasciaena[103]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Kocsis et al.

Miocene

Miri Formation

 Brunei

A member of the family Sciaenidae. The type species is A. bruneiana.

Akko canoa[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Pleistocene (Gelasian)

Canoa Formation

 Ecuador

A species of Akko.

Akko lobata[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Tortonian)

Yaviza Formation

 Panama

A species of Akko.

Alienocarapus[102]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Bartonian)

Mission Valley Formation

 United States
( California)

A member of the subfamily Carapinae. The type species is A. banana.

Ambassis californiensis[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A species of Ambassis.

Ampheristus brevicaudatus[105]

Sp. nov

Valid

Lin, Steurbaut & Nolf

Eocene

Nanjemoy Formation

 United States
( Alabama
 Maryland
 Virginia)

A cusk-eel.

Ampheristus turgidus[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A cusk-eel.

Antigonia transpacifica[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A species of Antigonia.

Antilligobius collinsae[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Tortonian) to Pleistocene (Gelasian)

Escudo de Veraguas Formation

 Costa Rica
 Ecuador
 Panama
 Trinidad and Tobago
 Venezuela

A species of Antilligobius.

Apletodon conwayi[106]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Klots & Kovalchuk in Schwarzhans et al.

Miocene

 Ukraine

A species of Apletodon.

Archaeotolithus eiggensis[107]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Wakefield

Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)

Lealt Shale

 United Kingdom

Archaeotolithus invernizziae[107]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Wakefield

Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)

Lealt Shale

 United Kingdom

Ariosoma ceppiensis[108]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans & Carnevale

Miocene (Burdigalian)

 Italy

A species of Ariosoma.

Arnoglossus dispar[106]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Klots & Kovalchuk in Schwarzhans et al.

Miocene

 Ukraine

A scaldfish.

Aruma atlantica[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Pliocene (Piacenzian) to Pleistocene (Calabrian)

Bastimentos Formation

 Panama

A species of Aruma.

Atrobucca borneensis[103]

Sp. nov

Valid

Kocsis et al.

Miocene

Seria Formation

 Brunei

A species of Atrobucca.

Avitamugil[102]

Gen. et sp. et comb. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene

Ardath Shale

 United Kingdom
 United States
( California)

A mullet. The type species is A. scrippsi; genus also includes "Pentanemus" constrictus Stinton (1984).

Baobythites[102]

Gen. et sp. et comb. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene

Ardath Shale

 France
 United States
( Alabama
 California
 Mississippi
 Texas)

A cusk-eel. The type species is B. pacificus; genus also includes "aff. Glyptophidium" stringeri Lin & Nolf (2022) and "Ophidium" biarritzense Sulc (1932).

Barbulifer amplus[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Pleistocene (Gelasian and Calabrian)

Swan Cay Formation

 Panama

A species of Barbulifer.

Bathycongrus delfinoi[108]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans & Carnevale

Miocene (Burdigalian)

 Italy

A species of Bathycongrus.

Bauzaia gibbosa[105]

Sp. nov

Valid

Lin, Steurbaut & Nolf

Eocene

Nanjemoy Formation

 United States
( Maryland)

A cusk-eel.

Bollmannia angosturae[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Tortonian and Messinian)

Angostura Formation

 Ecuador
 Panama

A species of Bollmannia.

Bollmannia baldwinae[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Langhian to Messinian)

Yaviza Formation

 Panama
 Trinidad and Tobago
 Venezuela

A species of Bollmannia.

Bollmannia cubaguana[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Pliocene (Zanclean)

Cubagua Formation

 Venezuela

A species of Bollmannia.

Bollmannia ornatissima[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Tortonian and Messinian)

Yaviza Formation

 Panama
 Trinidad and Tobago

A species of Bollmannia.

Bollmannia? paraguanaensis[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Burdigalian)

Cantaure Formation

 Panama
 Venezuela

Possibly a species of Bollmannia.

Bollmannia propensa[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Tortonian and Messinian)

Onzole Formation

 Ecuador
 Panama

A species of Bollmannia.

Bollmannia trinidadensis[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Burdigalian and Langhian)

Brasso Formation

 Trinidad and Tobago
 Venezuela

A species of Bollmannia.

Bollmannia venezuelana[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Langhian to Tortonian)

Ojo de Agua Formation

 Trinidad and Tobago
 Venezuela

A species of Bollmannia.

Brassoichthys[104]

Gen. et sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Langhian)

Brasso Formation

 Trinidad and Tobago

A goby. The type species is B. tornabenei.

Bregmaceros moersi[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Bartonian and Priabonian)

Yazoo Formation

 United States
( Mississippi
 Texas)

A codlet.

Bruneisciaena[103]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Kocsis et al.

Miocene

Miri Formation

 Brunei

A member of the family Sciaenidae. The type species is B. schwarzhansi.

Buenia gibba[106]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Klots & Kovalchuk in Schwarzhans et al.

Miocene

 Ukraine

A species of Buenia.

Centroberyx predorsalis[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian and Bartonian)

Mission Valley Formation

 United States
( California)

A species of Centroberyx.

Centroberyx pseudopulcher[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian and Bartonian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A species of Centroberyx.

Cepola macilenta[108]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans & Carnevale

Miocene (Burdigalian)

 Italy

A species of Cepola.

Chriolepis altus[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Tortonian)

Yaviza Formation

 Panama

A species of Chriolepis.

Chriolepis balboa[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Tortonian)

Angostura Formation

 Ecuador
 Panama

A species of Chriolepis.

"Conger" biaculeatus[105]

Sp. nov

Valid

Lin, Steurbaut & Nolf

Eocene

Bashi Formation

 United States
( Alabama)

A member of the family Congridae.

Coryphaenoides delapierrei[108]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans & Carnevale

Miocene (Burdigalian)

 Italy

A species of Coryphaenoides.

Coryphopterus cuevae[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Tortonian)

Tuira Formation

 Panama

A species of Coryphopterus.

Coryphopterus rodriguezi[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Tortonian and Messinian)

Chucunaque Formation

 Panama

A species of Coryphopterus.

Coryphopterus xenosus[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Messinian) and Pliocene (Zanclean)

Cubagua Formation

 Trinidad and Tobago
 Venezuela

A species of Coryphopterus.

Ctenogobius darienensis[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Tortonian)

Yaviza Formation

 Panama

A species of Ctenogobius.

Cubaguanichthys[104]

Gen. et sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Pliocene (Zanclean)

Cubagua Formation

 Venezuela

A goby. The type species is C. lanceolatus.

Cubiceps lautus[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A species of Cubiceps.

Diaphus cuneatus[108]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans & Carnevale

Miocene (Burdigalian)

 Italy

A species of Diaphus.

Diaphus hastaensis[108]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans & Carnevale

Oligocene (Chattian)

 Italy

A species of Diaphus.

Diaphus ichishiensis[109]

Sp. nov

Valid

Tsuchiya et al.

Miocene

 Japan

A species of Diaphus.

Diaphus pertinax[108]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans & Carnevale

Miocene (Burdigalian)

 Italy

A species of Diaphus.

Diaphus roederi[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A species of Diaphus.

Diretmus fidelis[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A species of Diretmus.

Electolapis[102]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene

 Belgium
 France
 United Kingdom
 United States
( California)

A teleost of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is "Ambassis" electilis Stinton & Nolf (1970); genus also includes "genus Gerreidarum" aquitanicus Nolf (1988).

Encheliophis transversalis[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A species of Encheliophis.

Eobidenichthys[102]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Late Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastichtian) to Oligocene

 Belgium
 France
 Germany
 Netherlands
 Ukraine
 United Kingdom
 United States
( Alabama
 California)

A viviparous brotula. The type species is "Otolithus (Ophidiidarum)" symmetricus Frost (1934); genus also includes Eobidenichthys crepidatus (Voigt, 1926), Eobidenichthys lapierrei (Nolf, 1978), Eobidenichthys midwayensis (Nolf & Docker, 1993) and Eobidenichthys boscheineni (Schwarzhans, 1994).

Eokrefftia paviai[108]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans & Carnevale

Oligocene (Chattian)

 Italy

A lanternfish belonging to the subfamily Eomyctophinae.

Eophichthus[102]

Gen. et 2 sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian and Bartonian), possibly also Oligocene

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A member of the family Ophichthidae. The type species is E. ardathensis; genus also includes E. gracilis and possibly also "Conger" brevior Koken (1888).

Eopterois[102]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene

 United States
( Mississippi)

A member of the family Scorpaenidae belonging to the tribe Pteroini. The type species is E. bandeli.

Epigonus liguriensis[108]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans & Carnevale

Miocene (Burdigalian)

 Italy

A species of Epigonus.

Evermannia chiriquiensis[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Pliocene (Zanclean)

Cayo Agua Formation

 Panama

A species of Evermannia.

Evermannia? problematica[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Burdigalian and Tortonian)

Cantaure Formation

 Panama
 Venezuela

Possibly a species of Evermannia.

Fitchichthys[102]

Gen. et sp. et comb. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene

Ardath Shale

 Germany
 United States
( California)

A teleost of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is F. placidus; genus also includes Macroramphosidarum testuliformis Schwarzhans (2007).

Gillichthys caribbaeus[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Tortonian)

Manzanilla Formation

 Trinidad and Tobago

A species of Gillichthys.

Giuntellia[108]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans & Carnevale

Miocene (Burdigalian)

 Italy

A member of the family Gobiidae. The type species is G. singularis.

Glyptophidium monoceros[108]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans & Carnevale

Miocene (Langhian)

 Czech Republic
 Italy

A species of Glyptophidium.

Gnatholepis gunae[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Tortonian)

Gatun Formation

 Panama

A species of Gnatholepis.

Gnathophis frizzelli[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Bartonian)

Mission Valley Formation

 United States
( California)

A species of Gnathophis.

Gobiosoma emberae[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Messinian)

Chucunaque Formation

 Panama

A species of Gobiosoma.

Gobulus limonensis[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Pleistocene (Gelasian)

Moin Formation

 Costa Rica

A species of Gobulus.

"Haemulon" ypresiensis[105]

Sp. nov

Valid

Lin, Steurbaut & Nolf

Eocene

Nanjemoy Formation

 United States
( Alabama
 Maryland
 Mississippi
 Virginia)

A member of the family Haemulidae.

Hoplobrotula panicula[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Bartonian)

Mission Valley Formation

 United States
( California)

A species of Hoplobrotula.

Hoplunnis diagonalis[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A species of Hoplunnis.

Huddlestonichthys[102]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A bonefish. The type species is H. profundicauda.

Ilypnus arayanensis[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Pliocene (Zanclean)

Cubagua Formation

 Venezuela

A species of Ilypnus.

Ipaimuraena[102]

Gen. et 2 sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian and Bartonian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California
 Mississippi)

A member of the family Ophichthidae. The type species is I. californiensis; genus also includes I. fusiformis.

Japonoconger asper[108]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans & Carnevale

Miocene (Burdigalian)

 Italy

A species of Japonoconger.

Lampanyctus rostratus[108]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans & Carnevale

Oligocene (Chattian)

 Italy

A species of Lampanyctus.

Leptolepis flexuosus[107]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Wakefield

Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)

Lealt Shale

 United Kingdom

Leptolepis skyensis[107]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Wakefield

Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)

Lealt Shale

 United Kingdom

Liparomorphus[102]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A possible snailfish. The type species is L. gerringerae.

Magnogobius[104]

Gen. et 2 sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Tortonian) to Pleistocene (Gelasian)

Cercado Formation

 Costa Rica
 Dominican Republic
 Panama

A goby. The type species is M. grandis; genus also includes M. costaricensis.

Malacanthus? rugosus[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A tilefish of uncertain generic placement.

Microgobius aphioides[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Pliocene (Zanclean)

Cubagua Formation

 Panama
 Trinidad and Tobago
 Venezuela

A species of Microgobius.

Microgobius camur[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Pliocene (Zanclean) to Pleistocene (Calabrian)

Escudo de Veraguas Formation

 Costa Rica
 Panama

A species of Microgobius.

Microgobius cantaurensis[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Burdigalian to Tortonian)

Cantaure Formation

 Panama
 Venezuela

A species of Microgobius.

Microgobius chocorum[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Tortonian)

Tuira Formation

 Panama
 Trinidad and Tobago

A species of Microgobius.

Microgobius cumana[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Pleistocene (Calabrian)

Cumaná Formation

 Venezuela

A species of Microgobius.

Microgobius ecuadorensis[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Tortonian)

Angostura Formation

 Ecuador
 Panama

A species of Microgobius.

Microgobius glaber[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Tortonian and Messinian)

Manzanilla Formation

 Dominican Republic
 Panama
 Trinidad and Tobago

A species of Microgobius.

Microgobius pezoldi[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Tortonian and Messinian)

Chucunaque Formation

 Costa Rica
 Ecuador
 Panama
 Trinidad and Tobago

A species of Microgobius.

Microgobius pirabasensis[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Aquitanian to Burdigalian)

Pirabas Formation

 Brazil

A species of Microgobius.

Microgobius praeglaber[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Langhian to Tortonian)

Brasso Formation

 Panama
 Trinidad and Tobago

A species of Microgobius.

Microgobius robertsoni[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Aquitanian to Burdigalian)

Cantaure Formation

 Brazil
 Dominican Republic
 Trinidad and Tobago
 Venezuela

A species of Microgobius.

Microgobius rohri[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Burdigalian)

Brasso Formation

 Trinidad and Tobago

A species of Microgobius.

Microgobius verecundus[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Tortonian to Messinian)

Tuira Formation

 Ecuador
 Panama
 Trinidad and Tobago

A species of Microgobius.

Micropomadasys[102]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A member of the family Haemulidae. The type species is M. granulosus.

Myctophum isense[109]

Sp. nov

Valid

Tsuchiya et al.

Miocene

 Japan

A species of Myctophum.

Neobythites longesulcatus[105]

Sp. nov

Valid

Lin, Steurbaut & Nolf

Eocene

Nanjemoy Formation

 United States
( Maryland
 Virginia)

A cusk-eel, a species of Neobythites.

"Neobythites" pamunkeyensis[105]

Sp. nov

Valid

Lin, Steurbaut & Nolf

Eocene

Nanjemoy Formation

 United States
( Virginia)

A cusk-eel.

"Neobythites" stringeri[105]

Sp. nov

Valid

Lin, Steurbaut & Nolf

Eocene

Hatchetigbee Bluff Formation

 United States
( Alabama)

A cusk-eel.

Nezumia armentrouti[110]

Sp. nov

Stringer & Welton

Oligocene

Lincoln Creek Formation

 United States
( Washington)

A species of Nezumia.

Nezumia marramai[108]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans & Carnevale

Oligocene (Chattian)

 Italy

A species of Nezumia.

Nibea ambugensis[103]

Sp. nov

Valid

Kocsis et al.

Miocene

Seria Formation

 Brunei

A species of Nibea.

Nibea stintoni[103]

Sp. nov

Valid

Kocsis et al.

Miocene

Miri Formation

 Brunei

A species of Nibea.

Owstonia rhomboidea[108]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans & Carnevale

Miocene (Burdigalian)

 Italy

A species of Owstonia.

Palaeolebias winogradskyi[106]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Klots & Kovalchuk in Schwarzhans et al.

Miocene

 Ukraine

A pupfish.

Palatogobius magnus[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Pliocene (Zanclean)

Cayo Agua Formation

 Panama

A species of Palatogobius.

Palatogobius pacificus[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Pleistocene (Calabrian)

Armuelles Formation

 Panama

A species of Palatogobius.

Palatogobius vantasselli[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Tortonian and Messinian)

Manzanilla Formation

 Trinidad and Tobago

A species of Palatogobius.

Paracarapus californiensis[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Bartonian)

Mission Valley Formation

 United States
( California)

A member of the subfamily Carapinae.

Paralabrax nolfi[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

 Belgium

A species of Paralabrax.

Parascombrops fragilis[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A species of Parascombrops.

Parrella lucida[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Pliocene (Zanclean)

Manzanilla Formation

 Trinidad and Tobago
 Venezuela

A species of Parrella.

Pauxillibrotula[102]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene

 France
 United States
( California)

A cusk-eel. The type species is "genus Neobythitinorum" dolinorum Nolf (1988).

Peprilus? muelleri[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Bartonian)

Mission Valley Formation

 United States
( California)

Possibly a species of Peprilus.

Platygonostoma[102]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene

 France
 United States
( California)

A member of the family Sternoptychidae. The type species is "Danaphos" gibbsi Nolf (1988).

Plesiolithus[102]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A teleost of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is P. inornatus.

Polyipnus apicalis[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A species of Polyipnus.

Porrolapis[102]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene

 France
 United States
( California)

A teleost of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is "genus Cyprinodontoideorum" ornatissimus Nolf (1988).

Praearchirolithus altus[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian and Bartonian)

Mission Valley Formation

 United States
( California)

A member of the family Soleidae.

Praearchirolithus confusus[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian and Bartonian)

Mission Valley Formation

 United States
( California)

A member of the family Soleidae.

Prionotus kieli[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Priabonian)

Yazoo Clay

 United States
( Mississippi)

A species of Prionotus.

Progonostoma torreyensis[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A member of the family Gonostomatidae.

Proparrella[104]

Gen. et 2 sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Tortonian) to Pliocene (Zanclean)

Tuira Formation

 Ecuador
 Panama
 Trinidad and Tobago
 Venezuela

A goby. The type species is P. darienensis; genus also includes P. pusilla.

Protanago[102]

Gen. et comb. et sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene

 Italy
 United States

A member of the family Congridae. The type species is "Otolithus (Platessae)" sector Koken (1888); genus also includes "Parbatmya" brazosensis Dante & Frizzell (1965), "Ariosoma" nonsector Nolf & Stringer (2003) "Paraconger" solidus Müller (1999) and "Paraconger" wechesensis Lin & Nolf (2022), as well as new species P. miramarensis.

Protaulopus[102]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene

 France
 United States
( California)

A member of the family Aulopidae. The type species is "genus Percoideorum" pseudolestidiops Nolf (1988).

Protobembrops[102]

Gen. et comb. et sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene

 Belgium
 France
 United Kingdom
 United States

A member of the family Trichonotidae. The type species is "Trachinus" laevigatus Koken (1888); genus also includes "Trachinus" janeti Priem (1911), as well as new species P. ascensus.

Protonibea nolfi[103]

Sp. nov

Valid

Kocsis et al.

Miocene

Miri Formation

 Brunei

A species of Protonibea.

Protopomadasys[102]

Gen. et 2 sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian and Bartonian)

Mission Valley Formation

 United States
( California)

A member of the family Haemulidae. The type species is P. fitchi; genus also includes P. pacificus.

Pseudobrotulina[102]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A viviparous brotula. The type species is P. fitchi.

Pseudolabrax[102]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian and Bartonian)

Mission Valley Formation

 United States
( California)

A member of the family Serranidae. The type species is P. missionis.

Ptereleotris tectus[106]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Klots & Kovalchuk in Schwarzhans et al.

Miocene

 Ukraine

A species of Ptereleotris.

Quietula rueberi[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Miocene (Tortonian)

Manzanilla Formation

 Trinidad and Tobago

A species of Quietula.

Saccogaster salebrosus[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A species of Saccogaster.

Sarmatigobius cavatus[106]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Klots & Kovalchuk in Schwarzhans et al.

Miocene

 Ukraine

A member of the family Gobiidae belonging to the Aphia lineage.

Scombrops americanus[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A gnomefish.

Scorpaenodes acronis[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A species of Scorpaenodes.

Scorpaenodes huddlestoni[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A species of Scorpaenodes.

Scorpaenodes starnesi[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A species of Scorpaenodes.

Scythogobius minimus[106]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Klots & Kovalchuk in Schwarzhans et al.

Miocene

 Ukraine

A member of the family Gobiidae belonging to the Benthophilus lineage.

Serranus? fongeri[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian and Bartonian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A member of the family Serranidae of uncertain generic placement.

Serranus? moratus[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian and Bartonian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A member of the family Serranidae of uncertain generic placement.

Serranus? strigosus[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian and Bartonian)

Mission Valley Formation

 United States
( California)

A member of the family Serranidae of uncertain generic placement.

Sirembrotula[102]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A cusk-eel. The type species is S. mediator.

Sparus? sparsus[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A member of the family Sparidae of uncertain generic placement.

Strongylauris[102]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene

 United States

A member of the family Haemulidae. The type species is genus aff. Xenistius obliquus Müller (1999).

Symmetrosulcus virginicus[105]

Sp. nov

Valid

Lin, Steurbaut & Nolf

Eocene

Nanjemoy Formation

 United States
( Alabama
 Maryland
 Virginia)

A cusk-eel.

Syngnathus vesculus[106]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Klots & Kovalchuk in Schwarzhans et al.

Miocene

 Ukraine

A species of Syngnathus.

Synodus diadematus[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Bartonian)

Moodys Branch Formation

 United States
( Mississippi)

A species of Synodus.

Synodus moodyensis[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Bartonian and Priabonian)

Moodys Branch Formation

 United States
( Mississippi
( Texas)

A species of Synodus.

Torreyichthys[102]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A member of the family Serranidae. The type species is T. speciosus.

Umbra euronota[106]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Klots & Kovalchuk in Schwarzhans et al.

Miocene

 Ukraine

A species of Umbra.

Uranoscopus? lini[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A stargazer of uncertain generic placement.

Uroconger priscus[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Bartonian)

Mission Valley Formation

 United States
( California)

A species of Uroconger.

Varicus pliocenicus[104]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans & Aguilera

Pliocene (Zanclean)

Cubagua Formation

 Venezuela

A species of Varicus.

Verilus lajollaensis[102]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans, Stringer & Takeuchi

Eocene (Lutetian)

Ardath Shale

 United States
( California)

A species of Verilus.

Vinciguerria rotunda[109]

Sp. nov

Valid

Tsuchiya et al.

Miocene

 Japan

A species of Vinciguerria.

Waitakia dorsogibbosa[105]

Sp. nov

Valid

Lin, Steurbaut & Nolf

Eocene

Nanjemoy Formation

 United States
( Maryland
 Virginia)

A member of the family Percophidae belonging to the subfamily Hemerocoetinae.

Ray-finned fish research

  • New, rank-free classification of extant and extinct ray-finned fishes is presented by Near & Thacker (2024).[111]
  • Dankina, Šečkus & Plax (2024) describe new fossil material of ray-finned fishes from the Devonian (Eifelian and Givetian) strata in Belarus and Lithuania, including scales of members of the genera Cheirolepis and Orvikuina, and improving biostratigraphic correlations within the studied region.[112]
  • New information on the evolution of the brain in the early ray-finned fishes, gained from the study of remains of the latest Carboniferous-earliest Permian ray-finned fishes from Brazil with extensive soft-tissue preservation of brains, cranial nerves, eyes and possible cardiovascular tissues, is presented by Figueroa et al. (2024).[113]
  • Redescription and study on the affinities of Westollia crassa is published by Štamberg (2024), who confirms the placement of this species as a distinct member of the family Aeduellidae.[114]
  • Bakaev (2024) designates a neotype of Eurysomus soloduchi, and interprets Eurysomus as a generalist feeder able to feed on hard prey.[115]
  • A study on teeth of members of Eurynotoidiformes is published by Bakaev et al. (2024), who interpret eurynotoidiforms as likely the oldest known actinopterygians specialized for herbivory.[116]
  • Revision of the fossil material of ray-finned fishes from the Permian-Triassic transition from the Kuznetsk Basin (Siberia, Russia) is published by Bakaev (2024).[117]
  • Kumar et al. (2024) describe fossil material of a member of the genus Cylindracanthus from the Eocene Naredi Formation (India), extending known geographical distribution of members of the genus.[118]
  • Fang et al. (2024) report the discovery of teeth with cutting edges of large carnivorous fishes from the Norian Qulonggongba Formation (Tibet, China), interpreted as likely belonging to a member of the genus Birgeria.[119]
  • Cooper (2024) describes fossil material of an acipenseriform from the Kimmeridge Clay (United Kingdom), representing the first record of a Late Jurassic member of this group found outside Asia.[120]
  • Cavin et al. (2024) describe fossil material of a large-bodied ray-finned fish from a Lower Triassic outcrop in northern Dobrogea (Romania), with anatomy interpreted as indicative of affinities with Polzbergiidae, and interpret the studied fossils as belonging to the earliest known large, specialized, durophagous neopterygian.[121]
  • Review of the fossil record of non-marine members of Pycnodontiformes is published by Cawley & Kriwet (2024), who report that the incursions of pycnodontiforms into brackish and freshwater habitats increased during the Cretaceous period, when the rising sea levels might have made it easier for marine fishes to colonize continental environments.[122]
  • Revision of evidence of growth and aging in the fossil material of pycnodonts is published by Capasso (2024), who find no evidence for a single overall pattern of somatic growth, but reports evidence of specific changes which seem to be common in the studied pycnodonts.[123]
  • Capasso, Ebert & Witzmann (2024) review dental pathologies in pycnodonts, report uneven distribution of tooth anomalies in the pycnodont fossil record and interpret such distribution as suggesting that pycnodont teeth weren't initially ordered into distinct dental rows, which only appeared in the most derived forms.[124]
  • Review of pathologies in the skeletons and dermal scales of pycnodont specimens is published by Capasso, Ebert & Witzmann (2024).[125]
  • Capasso & Witzmann (2024) describe non-dental odontodes in two specimens of Haquelpycnodus picteti from the Cenomanian of Lebanon, representing the first record of dermal odontodes in pycnodonts reported to date, and interpret the anatomical position and structure of the studied structures as indicating that they functionally participated in the chewing process.[126]
  • New information on the anatomy of Tibetodus gyrodoides is provided by Fang & Wu (2024).[127]
  • Vullo & Frey (2024) describe specimens of Atractosteus messelensis and Cyclurus kehreri found with bat specimens in close contact with their jaws, and interpret this finding as evidence of opportunistic feeding on drowning or dead bats by Eocene amiids and gars from the Messel pit (Germany).[128]
  • Gouiric-Cavalli et al. (2024) describe new fossil material of Ameghinichthys antarcticus from the Tithonian strata of the Longing Member of the Ameghino/Nordenskjöld Formation (Antarctica), interpreted as supporting placement of Ameghinichthys in Dapediiformes.[129]
  • Fossil material of gars, representing one of the oldest record of members of this group from South America reported to date, is described from the Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian) Alcântara Formation (Brazil) by Brito et al. (2024).[130]
  • Nikolov et al. (2024) describe fossil material of gars from the Santonian–Campanian strata from the Vrabchov Dol locality (Bulgaria), expanding known geographical range of gars within the Late Cretaceous European Archipelago.[131]
  • Weis et al. (2024) study gut contents of pachycormid specimens from the Toarcian strata in Luxembourg, and report that the studied pachycormids fed on octobrachian cephalopods.[132]
  • Cooper (2024) describes fossil material of Pachycormus macropterus from the Toarcian strata in Normandy (France) representing the first direct evidence of cannibalism in a pachycormiform fish reported to date.[133]
  • Cooper, Maxwell & Martill (2024) describe fossil material of Asthenocormus cf. titanius from the Kimmeridge Clay, representing the first unambiguous record of Asthenocormus from the United Kingdom reported to date.[134]
  • Kanarkina, Zverkov & Polyakova (2024) identify fossil material of Protosphyraena ferox and P. tenuirostris from the Cenomanian Polpino Formation (Kursk Oblast, Russia), reinterpret Australopachycormus as a junior synonym of Protosphyraena, describe the first specimens of Protosphyraena from the Albian of the North Caucasus, and interpret the studied fossils as evidence of wide distribution of Protosphyraena already in the late Early Cretaceous.[92]
  • Redescription of Aphnelepis australis, based on data from a new specimen from the Talbragar fossil site (Australia), is published by Bean (2024), who assigns A. australis to the teleost family Archaeomaenidae.[135]
  • Bennett (2024) describes a series of caudal vertebrae of an ichthyodectiform from the Upper Cretaceous Niobrara Formation (Kansas, United States), preserved with pathologies unknown in extant and fossil fishes but sharing similarities with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and spondylosis deformans of mammals, and interprets the studied pathologies as caused by combined bacterial and fungal infections, affecting the swimming abilities of the studied fish and likely ultimately resulting in its death.[136]
  • Cantalice et al. (2024) describe fossil material of a previously unknown albuliform from the Campanian strata from the Múzquiz Lagerstätte (Austin Group; Coahuila, Mexico), estimated to be approximately 3,9 metres long and representing the largest albuliform reported to date.[137]
  • A study on the phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of extant and fossil osteoglossids is published by Capobianco & Friedman (2024), who interpret their findings as indicating that the last common ancestor of extant osteoglossids was marine, and that the group colonized freshwater settings at least four times.[138]
  • A study on the phylogenetic relationships of herring-like fossil fishes belonging to the group Clupei is published by Kevrekidis et al. (2024).[139]
  • Liu et al. (2024) revise Osteochilus sanshuiensis, Osteochilus longipinnatus and Osteochilus laticorpus from the Paleogene Buxin Formation (China), synonymizing them into a single species named Jianghanichthys sanshuiensis.[140]
  • Claeson et al. (2024) present a new reconstruction of Oncorhynchus rastrosus, interpreting its enlarged teeth as projecting laterally like tusks.[141]
  • Torres-Parada et al. (2024) report the discovery of fossil material of members of the genus Enchodus from the Upper Cretaceous strata of the La Luna Formation (Colombia).[142]
  • Redescription of Whitephippus tamensis is published by Davesne & Andrews et al. (2024), who interpret this taxon as an early member of Lampriformes, likely related to extant opahs and oarfishes and providing the earliest known evidence of adaptation of lampriforms to the pelagic environment.[143]
  • Laine et al. (2024) sequence three-spined stickleback genomes from Late Pleistocene sediments from the Jossavannet lake (Finnmark, Norway), who identify more marine- than freshwater-associated ancestry in the studied genomes, but also find evidence that freshwater-associated alleles were already established at known loci of large effect during the brackish phase of the formation of the lake.[144]
  • Miyata et al. (2024) describe an assemblage of marine fish otoliths from the Lower Cretaceous Kimigahama Formation (Japan), including the oldest known fossil material of members of the family Ichthyotringidae, as well as of otoliths of pterothrissine bonefishes, elopiforms and herring smelts indicative of cosmopolitan distribution of these groups during the Early Cretaceous.[145]
  • Evidence from the skeletal and otolith fossil record, interpreted as indicative of presence of rich and diverse teleost assemblages in known Maastrichtian marine settings which were significantly affected by the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, is presented by Schwarzhans, Carnevale & Stringer (2024), who also find that perciforms and related groups, ophidiiforms and gadiforms underwent an explosive radiation and diversification in the early Paleogene.[146]
  • A study on the survivorship patterns of freshwater ray-finned fishes during the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition, based on data from the fossil record from the Denver Basin, is published by Wilson et al. (2024), who report evidence of previously unrecognized diversification of freshwater clades after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, as well as evidence of localized drops in diversity.[147]

Lobe-finned fishes

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

Ferganoceratodus edwardsi[148]

Sp. nov

Challands et al.

Late Triassic (Norian)

Pebbly Arkose Formation

 Zimbabwe

A lungfish belonging to the group Ceratodontoidei.

Graulia[149]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Manuelli et al.

Middle Triassic

Calcaire à Cératites Formation

 France

A coelacanth belonging to the family Mawsoniidae. The type species is G. branchiodonta.

Harajicadectes[150]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Choo et al.

Devonian (Givetian–Frasnian)

Parke Siltstone

 Australia

A basal member of Tetrapodomorpha. The type species is H. zhumini.

Jemalongia[151]

Gen. et sp. nov

Young

Devonian

Cloghnan Shale

 Australia

A probable member of Porolepiformes. The type species is J. ritchiei.

Ngamugawi[152]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Clement et al.

Devonian (Frasnian)

Gogo Formation

 Australia

A coelacanth. The type species is N. wirngarri.

Lobe-finned fish research

  • Toriño et al. (2024) reconstruct the skull of a specimen of Mawsonia from the Upper Jurassic strata in Uruguay.[153]
  • Cupello et al. (2024) describe pulmonary vessels in a calcified lung of a specimen of Macropoma mantelli from the Upper Cretaceous Chalk Formation (United Kingdom) and in extant coelacanth, confirming the air-breathing function of the tubular structure in the fossil coelacanth specimens called the calcified organ, and interpret coelacanths as having pulmonary arterie homologous to the same paired branches of the air-filled organs (including gas bladders) of other bony fishes.[154]
  • Redescription of the tooth plates of Atlantoceratodus iheringi, based on data from new and previously described fossil material, is published by Panzeri (2024).[155]
  • New information on the anatomy of Chaoceratodus portezuelensis, based on the study of the fossil material from the Portezuelo and Cerro Lisandro formations (Argentina), is provided by Panzeri & Guzmán (2024).[156]
  • Stewart et al. (2024) describe the anatomy of the axial skeleton of Tiktaalik roseae, providing evidence of the appearance of the evolution of increased mobility at the head-trunk boundary prior to the origin of limbs, as well as evidence of the presence of derived features of the anatomy of the ribs that were previously known only from limbed taxa, and interpret the anatomy of T. roseae as indicative of a locomotor capacity intermediate between those of other elpistostegalians and those of limbed vertebrates.[157]

Other fishes

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

Palaeospondylus australis[158]

Sp. nov

Burrow, Young & Lu

Devonian (Emsian)

 Australia

A jawed vertebrate of uncertain affinities.

General research

References

  1. ^ Huang, W.; Ma, Z.; Fu, L.; Guo, S. (2024). "A new species of lamprey from Cretaceous semisaline environment in China". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology: 1–7. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2303350.
  2. ^ Li, X.; Zhang, Y.; Lin, X.; Zhu, M.; Zhao, W.; Tang, L.; Shan, X.; Gai, Z. (2024). "New findings of Changxingaspis (Xiushuiaspidae, Galeaspida) from the Silurian of Tarim Basin and Zhejiang Province". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 98 (3): 531–540. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.15168.
  3. ^ Chen, Y.; Li, Q.; Zhou, Z.-D.; Shan, X.-R.; Zhu, Y.-A.; Wang, Q.; Wei, G.-B.; Zhu, M. (2024). "A new genus of galeaspids (jawless stem-Gnathostomata) from the early Silurian Chongqing Lagerstätte, China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 62 (4): 245–261. doi:10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.240820.
  4. ^ Elliott, D. K. (2024). "A new weigeltaspid (Heterostraci) from the Early Devonian of Nunavut, Canadian Arctic, Canada, with comments on the relationships of the weigeltaspids". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology: 1–7. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2386679.
  5. ^ Brownstein, C. D.; Near, T. (2024). "Colonization of the ocean floor by jawless vertebrates across three mass extinctions". BMC Ecology and Evolution. 24 (1). 79. Bibcode:2024BMCEE..24...79B. doi:10.1186/s12862-024-02253-y. PMC 11170801. PMID 38867201.
  6. ^ Brookfield, M. E. (2024). "The Life and Death of Jamoytius kerwoodi White; A Silurian Jawless Nektonic Herbivore?". Fossil Studies. 2 (2): 77–91. doi:10.3390/fossils2020003.
  7. ^ Grohganz, M.; Ballell, A.; Rayfield, E. J.; Ferrón, H. G.; Johanson, Z.; Donoghue, P. C. J. (2024). "Finite element and microstructural analyses indicate that pteraspid heterostracan oral plate microstructure was adapted to a mechanical function". Palaeontology. 67 (6). e12733. Bibcode:2024Palgy..6712733G. doi:10.1111/pala.12733.
  8. ^ Grohganz, M.; Johanson, Z.; Keating, J. N.; Donoghue, P. C. J. (2024). "Morphogenesis of pteraspid heterostracan oral plates and the evolutionary origin of teeth". Royal Society Open Science. 11 (12). 240836. doi:10.1098/rsos.240836. PMC 11651891. PMID 39698157.
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