Holodomor

Korban dari Holodomor di jalan kota Ukraina Kharkiv, 1932.
Korban kelaparan di jalan-jalan kota Kharkiv, 1933.

Holodomor (bahasa Ukraina: Голодомор) atau Genosida Ukraina adalah peristiwa pembunuhan dan kelaparan massal pada 1932-1933 di Ukraina, yang saat itu masih merupakan bagian Uni Soviet. Hampir 7 juta orang mati kelaparan akibat rezim Soviet yang mengamalkan dasar Josef Stalin dengan tujuan menghapus semangat kemerdekaan rakyat Ukraina dan menuntut paksa negara tersebut agar mematuhi perintah Soviet. Sebanyak 25.000 penduduk kampung meninggal setiap hari atau pada harga 1.000 orang per jam atau 17 orang per menit. Rata-rata umur penduduk Ukraina pada 1933 adalah 7.3 tahun untuk pria dan 10.9 tahun untuk wanita, sedangkan dalam kalangan anak, satu dari setiap tiga orang, meninggal dunia.

Peristiwa ini sama dahsyatnya dengan peristiwa "Holocaust" yang dilakukan oleh Adolf Hitler terhadap kaum Yahudi saat pemerintahan Jerman Nazi menguasai sebagian Eropa.


Pihak pemerintah Uni Soviet dan Rusia telah dituduh menyembunyikan segala fakta kekejaman negara komunis tersebut saat menjajah dan menguasai Ukraina. Tetapi sejarawan Inggris Robert Conquest dalam bukunya berjudul "The Harvest of Sorrow" menjelaskan peristiwa itu dengan jelas.

Taktik yang digunakan

Pada 1932, pemerintah Soviet mengenakan denda dengan cara merampas gandum dan bahan makanan lain dari kampung yang tidak mematuhi kuota akuisisi sereal dan produk pertanian yang sengaja dikenakan dengan sangat tinggi. Bisnis ritel diharamkan di daerah pedesaan dan ini menyebabkan petani tidak dapat membeli roti yang menjadi makanan utama penduduk di sana. Pemerintah melaksanakan sistem daftar hitam yang mencegah penjualan barang seperti minyak tanah, korek api dan barang kebutuhan lain ke area pertanian dan individu sebagai hukuman karena tidak membuat pengiriman sereal yang tertunggak.

Ulang tahun ke-75 memperingati tragedi

Parlemen 19 negara menghormati terhadap korban Holodomor dan mengutuk kebijakan yang diterapkan rezim Josef Stalin. Parlemen Eropa yang mewakili 23 negara Uni Eropa menyetujui resolusi mengutuk kekejaman Holodomor sebagai "suatu kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan". 13 negara lain mengakui peristiwa itu sebagai tindakan pembunuhan terhadap rakyat Ukraina.

Negara-negara yang mengakui Holodomor sebagai pembunuhan

Peta negara-negara yang mengakui Holodomor sebagai pembunuhan.

Masyarakat internasional telah secara bertahap datang untuk mengambil posisi menguntungkan pengakuan dari Holodomor sebagai pembunuhan atau, lebih umum, sebagai kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan.

Dalam rangka organisasi internasional, ada resolusi yang diadopsi oleh Dewan Baltik,[1][2] Majelis Umum Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa,[3][4] Majelis Parlemen Dewan Eropa,[5] OSCE,[6][7][8][9] Parlemen Eropa [10] dan UNESCO.[11][12][13]

Daftar negara-negara yang resolusi lulus atau hukum oleh parlemen mereka, kepala pemerintahan atau kepala negara mengakui Holodomor sebagai pembunuhan:

Referensi

  1. ^ Statement: On Commemorating the Victims of Genocide and Political Repressions Committed in Ukraine in 1932 and 1933 Diarsipkan 2020-05-30 di Wayback Machine., 26th Session of the Baltic Assembly, 13th Baltic Council, 22 – 24 November 2007, Riga, Latvia
  2. ^ Baltic Assembly Adopts Statement "In Commemorating Victims of Genocide and Political Repression in Ukraine in 1932 to 1933" Diarsipkan 2011-08-07 di Wayback Machine., Ukrinform, 4 Desember, 2007
  3. ^ Letter dated 7 November 2003 from the Permanent Representative of Ukraine to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General[pranala nonaktif permanen], Permanent Mission of Ukraine to the UN, 7 November, 2003
  4. ^ 30 U.N. member-states sign joint declaration on Great Famine Diarsipkan 2007-09-30 di Wayback Machine., The Ukrainian Weekly, 16 November, 2003, No. 46, Vol. LXXI
  5. ^ Commemorating the victims of the Great Famine (Holodomor) in the former USSR. Resolution 1723 (2010, Majelis Parlemen Dewan Eropa
  6. ^ Joint Statement "On 75th Anniversary of 1932-1933 Holodomor in Ukraine", Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, 9 Desember, 2007
  7. ^ 25 OSCE Participant-Countries Adopt Joint Statement "On 75th Anniversary of 1932-1933 Holodomor in Ukraine"[pranala nonaktif permanen], Ukrinform, 4 Desember, 2007
  8. ^ OSCE Parliamentary Assembly Passes Resolution on Holodomor, Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group, July 3, 2008
  9. ^ Resolution on Holodomor of 1932-1933 in Ukraine[pranala nonaktif permanen], OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, OSCE, 3 Juli, 2008
  10. ^ 20081022IPR40408-20-10-2008-2008-false/default_en.htm Parliament recognises Ukrainian famine of 1930s as crime against humanity Diarsipkan 2012-11-06 di Wayback Machine., Parlemen Eropa, 20 Oktober, 2008
  11. ^ Remembrance of Victims of the Great Famine (Holodomor) in Ukraine, UNESCO
  12. ^ UNESCO Calls On Its Member-Countries To Honor Memories Of Victims Of 1932-1933 Famine In Ukraine Diarsipkan 2007-11-04 di Wayback Machine., 1 November, 2007, Ukrainian News Agency
  13. ^ Not too late. Three messages in UNESCO resolution commemorating Holodomor victims Diarsipkan 2007-11-09 di Wayback Machine., By Mykola Siruk, The Day, 6 November, 2007
  14. ^ Resolution of the House of Representatives of the United States of America (H.R. 356), U.S. Government Printing Office, 20 Oktober, 2003
  15. ^ Proclamation 5273 — Commemoration of the Great Famine in the Ukraine, 30 Oktober, 1984, The American Presidency Project
  16. ^ Proposta d’acord relativa al 75è aniversari de l’Holodomor de 1932-1933[pranala nonaktif permanen], Consell General Principat d'Andorra, 26 November, 2009
  17. ^ Hasil Senat Argentina (n.º1278/03) Diarsipkan 2020-05-30 di Wayback Machine., Cámara de Diputados de la Nación, 26 Juni, 2003
  18. ^ El proyecto de ley número 1278/03, Ukrainian World Congress
  19. ^ Senador Nacional Carlos Alberto Rossi Diarsipkan 2004-07-04 di Wayback Machine., Honorable Senado de la Nación
  20. ^ Argentinean Parliament approved resolution to commemorate 1932 to 1933 Holodomor victims in Ukraine[pranala nonaktif permanen], Ukrinform, 28 Desember, 2007
  21. ^ Resolusi Senat Australia (n.º 680), Journals of the Senate N.º 114, Outubro 30, 2003
  22. ^ Australian Senate condemns Famine-Genocide Diarsipkan 2007-09-30 di Wayback Machine., The Ukrainian Weekly, 16 November, 2003, No. 46, Vol. LXXI
  23. ^ Proposição: REQ-124/2007 CDHM, Comissão de Direitos Humanos e Minorias (CDHM), Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil, 27 Agustus, 2007
  24. ^ Holocausto Ucraniano é lembrado no Congresso Nacional, Portal Fator Brasil, 22 September, 2007
  25. ^ Cámara pide reconocer hambruna en Ucrania en 1933, Cámara de Diputados del Chile, 14 November, 2007
  26. ^ Aprueba resolución: Congreso se solidariza con pueblo ucraniano Diarsipkan 2007-11-02 di Wayback Machine., Congreso Nacional del Ecuador, 30 Oktober, 2007
  27. ^ Ecuador Recognized Holodomor in Ukraine! Diarsipkan 2008-03-04 di Wayback Machine., Media International Group, 31 Oktober, 2007
  28. ^ Parlemen Estonia, Ukrainian World Congress
  29. ^ The Statement of the President of the Republic, 7 Maret, 2005 Diarsipkan 2007-09-27 di Wayback Machine., Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
  30. ^ Resolusi Parlemen Georgia Diarsipkan 2007-09-30 di Wayback Machine., Parliament of Georgia, 20 Desember, 2005
  31. ^ Georgia recognizes Holodomor as genocide Diarsipkan 2006-02-03 di Wayback Machine., 3 Januari, 2006, 5tv
  32. ^ Georgian leader praises ties with Ukraine, upbeat on NATO - BBC Diarsipkan 2007-09-27 di Wayback Machine., 1 Maret, 2007, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia
  33. ^ Resolusi Majelis Nasional Hungaria (n.º 129/2003), House of the Nation, November 24, 2003
  34. ^ Hungarian National Assembly Adopts A Resolution Recognizing The 1932-33 Great Ukrainian Famine As A Genocide Diarsipkan 2013-05-14 di Wayback Machine., The Great Famine-Genocide in Soviet Ukraine (Holodomor), 28 November, 2003
  35. ^ Hasil Majelis Wakil Italia (n.º 7/0038), Camera dei Deputati, 3 Januari, 2004
  36. ^ Risoluzioni in Commissione, Atti Parlamentari - Camera dei Deputati, XIV Legislatura - Allegato B ai Resoconti - Seduta del 1.º Marzo 2004, 1 Maret, 2004
  37. ^ Hasil Senat Kanada Diarsipkan 2009-09-30 di Wayback Machine., Journals of the Senate No 72, 19 Juni, 2003
  38. ^ Canadian Senate adopts motion on Famine-Genocide Diarsipkan 2007-09-30 di Wayback Machine., by Peter Stieda, The Ukrainian Weekly, 29 Juni, 2003, No. 26, Vol. LXXI
  39. ^ Prime Minister Harper commemorates Ukrainian famine Diarsipkan 2012-01-19 di Wayback Machine., Office of the Prime Minister, 28 November, 2007
  40. ^ Colombia Recognizes Holodomor Famine In Ukraine In 1932-1933 As Genocide Diarsipkan 2007-12-26 di Wayback Machine., Ukrainian News Agency, 24 Desember, 2007
  41. ^ Columbia declares Holodomor an act of genocide, Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union, Desember, 2007
  42. ^ Hasil Parlemen Latvia, 13 Maret, 2008, Ukrainian World Congress
  43. ^ Latvian Sejm adopted Declaration on Soviet Repressions in Ukraine in 1932-1933 and recognized Holodomor as genocide of Ukrainian people Diarsipkan 2011-09-27 di Wayback Machine., 13 Maret, 2008, The National Radio Company of Ukraine
  44. ^ Hasil Parlemen Lituania, Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania, 24 November, 2005
  45. ^ Lithuanian Seimas recognizes Ukraine’s Holodomor as genocide Diarsipkan 2006-05-16 di Wayback Machine., 24 November, 2005, 5tv
  46. ^ Speech by President of the Republic of Lithuania Valdas Adamkus - 62nd Session of the United Nations General Assembly Diarsipkan 2012-10-25 di Wayback Machine., Office of the President of the Republic of Lithuania, 26 September, 2007
  47. ^ Notícias[pranala nonaktif permanen], Kedutaan Besar Ukraine di Brazil, 26 Februari, 2008
  48. ^ Meksiko mengakui kelaparan Ukraina Holodomor 1932-1933 sebagai bencana pembunuhan Diarsipkan 2011-12-08 di Wayback Machine., 22 Februari, 2008, NRCU
  49. ^ News - October 25, 2007, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, 25 Oktober, 2007
  50. ^ Solidaridad para con el pueblo ucraniano, Honorable Cámara de Senadores, 22 November, 2007
  51. ^ Gerak Kongres Peru, Ukrainian World Congress
  52. ^ Peru’s parliament passes Resolution acknowledging Holodomor as an act of genocide, Human Rights in Ukraine, 5 Juli, 2007
  53. ^ Hasil Senat Polandia (n.º 90 S) Diarsipkan 2008-10-28 di Wayback Machine., Senate of the Republic of Poland, 17 Maret, 2006
  54. ^ Polish Senate stands up for recognition of famine in Ukraine as genocide act, Web-Portal of Ukrainian Government, 17 Maret, 2006
  55. ^ Hasil Sejm Polandia (n.º 1161), The Sejm of the Republic of Poland
  56. ^ Hasil Sejm Polandia (n.º 1161), The Sejm of the Republic of Poland
  57. ^ Polish parliament blames Soviet regime for Ukraine Great Famine Diarsipkan 2011-12-08 di Wayback Machine., UNIAN news agency, 7 Desember, 2006
  58. ^ Česká republika uznala ukrajinský hladomor z let 1932-1933 Diarsipkan 2008-03-27 di Wayback Machine., Vesti.cz, 30 November, 2007
  59. ^ Notícias Diarsipkan 2009-04-11 di Wayback Machine., Kedutaan Besar Ukraine di Brazil, 3 Desember, 2007
  60. ^ Proposal untuk resolusi Kongres Wakil Spanyol (n.º 161/002237), Boletín Oficial de las Cortes Generales, Serie D:General, Núm. 569, 15 Juni, 2007
  61. ^ Congreso honra víctimas de la gran hambruna ucraniana en su 75 aniversario, 30 mei, 2007, Terra Actualidad - EFE
  62. ^ NR SR: Prijali deklaráciu k hladomoru v bývalom Sovietskom zväze Diarsipkan 2009-02-19 di Wayback Machine., EpochMedia, 13 Desember, 2007
  63. ^ Slovak Parliament Recognizes Holodomor of 1932-1933 in Former USSR, Including in Ukraine, as "Extermination Act" Diarsipkan 2011-08-07 di Wayback Machine., Ukrinform, 13 Desember, 2007
  64. ^ P. U. Declares the 1932-1933 Famine "An Act of Genocide," and a "Deliberate Terrorist Act of the Stalinist Political System" Diarsipkan 2013-01-21 di Wayback Machine., The Great Famine-Genocide in Soviet Ukraine (Holodomor), 19 Mei, 2003
  65. ^ Verkhovna Rada passes Law declaring Holodomor genocide Diarsipkan 2010-07-06 di Wayback Machine., maidan.org.ua
  66. ^ Rada passes bill recognizing the Holodomor as genocide Diarsipkan 2007-09-30 di Wayback Machine., by Zenon Zawada, The Ukrainian Weekly, 3 Desember, 2006, No. 49, Vol. LXXIV
  67. ^ President proposes Holodomor bill, Oficial Website of the President of Ukraine, 23 Maret, 2007
  68. ^ Pertemuan Bapa Suci dengan wakil Politik, Budaya, Sains dan Industri, Situs Takhta Suci, 23 Juni, 2001
  69. ^ Pesan Paus Yohanes Paulus II, Halaman dari Takhta Suci, 23 November, 2003
Peta Jumlah negara yang secara resmi mengakui Holodomor sebagai pembunuhan  Ukraina

 Amerika Serikat,  Andorra,  Argentina,  Australia,  Azerbaijan,  Belgia,  Brasil,  Chili,  Ekuador,  Estonia,  Georgia,  Hungaria,  Italia,  Kanada,  Kolombia,  Latvia,  Lituania,  Meksiko,  Moldova,  Paraguay,  Peru,  Polandia,  Ceko,  Spanyol,  Slovakia,  Ukraina,  Vatikan

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