Bentuk kursif untuk Alfabet Fonetik Internasional

Artikel ini mengandung transkripsi fonetik dalam Alfabet Fonetik Internasional (IPA). Untuk bantuan dalam membaca simbol IPA, lihat Bantuan:IPA. Untuk penjelasan perbedaan [ ], / / dan ⟨ ⟩, Lihat IPA § Tanda kurung dan delimitasi transkripsi.

Spesifikasi awal untuk Alfabet Fonetik Internasional memasukkan bentuk kursif dari huruf yang didesain untuk penggunaan manuskrip dan penulisan catatan pada studi lapangan. Akan tetapi, Buku Panduan Alfabet Fonetik Internasional tahun 1999 menyampaikan bahwa:

Terdapat bentuk kursif dari IPA, namun masih diperdebatkan jika penggunaan kursif ini masih begitu banyak pada masa kini. Bentuk kursif ini mungkin dapat digubakan lebih baik saat transkripsi yang ditulis dengan tangan hanyalah satu-satunya jalan untuk merekam pengucapan, dan kecepatan penulisan jugalah harus (cepat dalam merekam pengucapan tersebut). Bentuk kursif dari huruf IPA lebih sulit untuk dibaca bagi kebanyakan orang, dan disarankan untuk menulis tulisan tangan yang hampir mirip dengan versi cetak dari simbol tersebut [1]

Perkembangan

Bentuk kursif dari huruf IPA yang ditunjukkan pada Prinsip Alfabet Fonetik Internasional edisi tahun 1912. Dua dari huruf IPA ini sudah usang, yakni: ⟨ǥ⟩ yang sekarang berupa ⟨ɣ⟩, dan ⟨ꜰ⟩ yang sekarang berupa ⟨ɸ⟩.
ʈɖɟʔɓɗɳȠɲŋɫɬɮɭʎɽɼʀɸβθðʃʒzɹᶊᶎçɕʑɣʕɦɥʋʇʖʗɛaɑɔøœəʌæɐɜɪʊʏɒɤɯᶏᶗᶕː
Bentuk kursif IPA yang ditunjukkan pada edisi tahun 1949. Gulir gambar untuk melihat versi moderen. Setiap huruf sudah diberikan pranala, tekan huruf manapun untuk menuju pada artikel tentang huruf tersebut.

Contoh

Halaman berikut dari halaman dalam Buku Panduan IPA tahun 1912:

Angin Utara dan Matahari yang diucapkan dengan bahasa Inggris dialek Utara
IPA Ortografi
Inggris Indonesia

ðə nɔɹθ wind ænd ðə sʌn wɛɹ dis′pjuːtiŋ
hwitʃ wɔz ðə strɔŋɡəɹ, hwɛn ə travləɹ keːm ə′lɔŋ
rapt in ə wɔɹm kloːk. ðeː ə′ɡriːd ðət ðə wʌn huː fəɹst
meːd ðə travləɹ teːk ɔf hiz kloːk ʃud bi kon′sidəɹd
strɔŋɡəɹ ðən ði ʌðər. ðɛn ðə nɔɹθ wind bluː wiθ ɔːl
hiz mait, bʌt ðə mɔːɹ hiː bluː, ðə mɔːɹ kloːsli did ðə
travləɹ foːld hiz kloːk ə′raund him; ənd ət last ðə nɔɹθ
wind ɡeːv ʌp ði ə′tɛmpt. ðɛn ðə sʌn ʃɔn aut wɔːrmli, ənd
i′miːdjətli ðə travləɹ tuk ɔf hiz kloːk; ənd soː ðə nɔrθ wind
wəz ɔ′blaidʒd tu kon′fɛs ðət ðə sʌn wəz ðə strɔŋɡəɹ əv ðə tuː.

The North Wind and the Sun were disputing
which was the stronger, when a traveller came along
wrapped in a warm cloak. They agreed that the one who first
made the traveller take off his cloak should be considered
stronger than the other. Then the North Wind blew with all
his might, but the more he blew, the more closely did the
traveller fold his cloak around him; and at last the North
Wind gave up the attempt. Then the Sun shone out warmly, and
immediately the traveller took off his cloak; and so the North Wind
was obliged to confess that the Sun was the stronger of the two.

masih diterjemahkan

Lihat juga

Referensi

  1. ^

    There are cursive forms of IPA symbols, but it is doubtful if these are much in use today. They may have been of greater use when transcription by hand was the only way of recording speech, and so speed was essential. The cursive forms are harder for most people to decipher, and it is preferable to use handwritten versions which closely copy the printed form of the symbols.

    International Phonetic Association (1999). Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 31. ISBN 978-0-52163751-0. 

Katagori:Alfabet Fonetik Internasional


Ikon rintisan

Artikel bertopik linguistika ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

Read other articles:

List of Romanian flags

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Flags of Romania. This article is part of a series onSymbols of RomaniaFlag and coat of arms of Romania Flag of Romania (history, list) Coat of arms of Romania Romanian Anthem Romanian heraldry Orders, decorations and medals Postage stamps of Romania Romanian leu Symbols of Romanian Royalty Symbols of Romania vte The following is a list of flags used to represent Romania. National flag and state flag Flag Date Use Description 1867—1947,1990—present ...

 

 

Republican Party of Minnesota

Political party which is the Minnesota state affiliate of the US Republican Party This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (August 2021) Republican Party of Minnesota ChairpersonDavid HannSenate LeaderMark JohnsonHouse LeaderLisa DemuthFoundedMarch 29, 1855; 169 years ago (1855-03-29)Minneapolis, MinnesotaHeadquarters7400 M...

 

 

WWRL

Radio station in New York City WWRLNew York, New YorkUnited StatesBroadcast areaNew York metropolitan areaFrequency1600 kHzBrandingNew York's BIN 1600ProgrammingLanguage(s)EnglishFormatAll-news radioAffiliationsBlack Information NetworkOwnershipOwneriHeartMedia(IHM Licenses LLC)Sister stationsWAXQ, WHTZ, WKTU, WLTW, WOR, WWPR-FMHistoryFirst air dateAugust 26, 1926(97 years ago) (1926-08-26)Call sign meaningWoodside Radio LaboratoryTechnical information[1]Licensing authorityF...

Dalip Singh Saund

American politician (1899–1973) Dalip Singh SaundSaund, c. 1961Member of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom California's 29th districtIn officeJanuary 3, 1957 – January 3, 1963Preceded byJohn J. PhillipsSucceeded byGeorge Brown Jr. Personal detailsBorn(1899-09-20)September 20, 1899Chhajulwadi, Amritsar district, Punjab Province, British India (present-day Punjab, India)DiedApril 22, 1973(1973-04-22) (aged 73)Los Angeles, California, U.S.CitizenshipBritish Indi...

 

 

Second Chance (1953 film)

1953 American film directed by Rudolph Maté Second ChanceTheatrical release posterDirected byRudolph MatéScreenplay bySydney BoehmOscar MillardStory byD. M. Marshman, Jr.Produced bySam WiesenthalStarringRobert MitchumJack PalanceLinda DarnellCinematographyWilliam E. SnyderEdited byRobert FordAlbrecht JosephMusic byRoy WebbProductioncompanyRKO Radio PicturesDistributed byRKO Radio PicturesRelease date July 18, 1953 (1953-07-18) (US)[1] Running time82 minutesCountry...

 

 

Ngo Dinh Diem

President of South Vietnam from 1955 to 1963 In this Vietnamese name, the surname is Ngô, but is often simplified to Ngo in English-language text. In accordance with Vietnamese custom, this person should be referred to by the given name, Diệm. Ngô Đình DiệmOfficial portrait, 19561st President of South VietnamIn office26 October 1955 – 2 November 1963Vice PresidentNguyễn Ngọc ThơPreceded byPosition establishedBảo Đại as Chief of the State of VietnamSucceeded by...

Hippias Major

Dialogue of Plato You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (October 2023) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the German article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into ...

 

 

Kukurung

KukurungKlasifikasi Alat musik perkusiHornbostel–Sachs(111.2)(Idiofon perkusi)PenciptaSuku Dayak MeratusAlat musik terkait ArumbaPembuat Suku Dayak Meratus Kukurung merupakan musik tradisional dalam pesta adat menanam padi suku Dayak di Desa Betung, Kecamatan Pamukan Utara, Kabupaten Kotabaru. Musik dalam pesta adat ini sudah hampir punah dan sangat langka, di Kalimantan Selatan. Musik tersebut hanya ada di Desa Betung dan di wilayah Kecamatan Piani, Tapin, Kabupaten Tapin. Musik ini hanya ...

 

 

ترو-برو ليون 2008

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) ترو-برو ليون 2008 تفاصيل السباقسلسلة25. ترو-برو ليونمنافسةطواف أوروبا للدراجات 2008 1.1‏التاريخ20 أبريل 2008ال...

Amateur (1994 film)

1994 film by Hal Hartley AmateurTheatrical release posterDirected byHal HartleyWritten byHal HartleyProduced byHal HartleyTed HopeStarringIsabelle HuppertMartin DonovanElina LöwensohnDamian YoungCinematographyMichael SpillerEdited bySteve HamiltonMusic byJeffrey TaylorNed RifleProductioncompaniesZenith ProductionsTrue Fiction PicturesUGCAmerican Playhouse Theatrical FilmsLa Sept CinémaChannel Four FilmsDistributed bySony Pictures Classics (United States)Artificial Eye (United Kingdom)Diapha...

 

 

彰化縣私立大慶高級商工職業學校

彰化縣私立大慶高級商工職業學校大慶商工地址 中華民國臺灣彰化縣員林市振興里山腳路二段206號邮政编码510类型私立技術型高級中等學校（工業高級中等學校）创办日期1963年教育部學校代碼071413校長蕭益進校訓勤誠智德電話號碼04-8311005传真號碼04-8312993学校网址www.dcvs.chc.edu.tw 彰化縣私立大慶高級商工職業學校，簡稱大慶商工，是一所位於台灣彰化縣員林市的私立工業...

 

 

Teori kartel negara

Teori hubungan internasional Realisme Realisme neoklasik Neorealisme (realisme struktural) Realisme klasik Realisme ofensif Realisme defensif Realisme liberal (Mazhab Inggris) Keunggulan relatif Keunggulan absolut Realisme strategis Liberalisme Idealisme Teori perdamaian demokratis Liberalisme republik Institusionalisme Neoliberalisme Liberalisme interdependensi Liberalisme sosiologis Liberalisme institusional Konstruktivisme Konstruktivisme modern Konstruktivisme pascamodern Konstruktivisme ...

Ajacán Mission

1570 Spanish Jesuit mission in pre-colonial Virginia; massacred by natives in 1571 This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Part of a series onSpanish missionsin the Americasof the Catholic Church Missions in North America Arizona Baja California California The Carolinas Chi...

 

 

Klik (candy)

Israeli chocolate brand Product typeConfectioneryOwnerUnileverCountry IsraelMarketsIsrael, North America, United Kingdom, France, Australia, ArgentinaWebsitehttps://www.unilever.co.il/brands/nutrition/klik/ Klik (Hebrew: קליק) is an Israeli candy brand owned by Unilever Food Solutions, a subsidiary of Unilever. It is used for various chocolate, candy, and chocolate-covered products, including chocolate-covered corn flakes and malted milk balls. Overview Milk and white chocolate pearl...

 

 

Omo Sebua

Omo Sebua Rumah tradisional di Nias Omo Sebua adalah jenis rumah adat atau rumah tradisional dari Pulau Nias, Sumatera Utara. Omo sebua adalah rumah yang khusus dibangun untuk kepala adat desa dengan tiang-tiang besar dari kayu besi dan atap yang tinggi. Omo sebua didesain secara khusus untuk melindungi penghuninya daripada serangan pada saat terjadinya perang suku pada zaman dahulu. Akses masuk ke rumah hanyalah tangga kecil yang dilengkapi pintu jebakan. Bentuk atap rumah yang sangat curam ...

Bioreactor

System that supports a biologically active environment This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Bioreactor – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message)A bioreactor is any manufactured device or system that supports a biologically active envir...

 

 

Orbit Attitude and Maneuvering System

Gemini Spacecraft attitude control system OAMS redirects here. For the airport with ICAO code OAMS, see Mazar-i-Sharif Airport. For the similarly-named Space Shuttle component, see Orbital Maneuvering System. Gemini Orbit Attitude and Maneuvering System location The Orbit Attitude and Maneuvering System (OAMS) was a reaction control system used in Earth orbit by the Project Gemini spacecraft. It provided both automatic and manual rotation and translation by means of 16 vernier thrusters using...

 

 

Giovanni Bononcini

Giovanni Bononcini Giovanni[1] Bononcini o Buononcini (Modena, 18 luglio 1670 – Vienna, 9 luglio 1747) è stato un compositore e violoncellista italiano. Indice 1 Biografia 2 Composizioni 2.1 Melodrammi, serenate e oratori 2.2 Musica strumentale 2.3 Altro 3 Discografia 4 Note 5 Bibliografia 6 Altri progetti 7 Collegamenti esterni Biografia Suo padre, Giovanni Maria Bononcini (Buononcini) (1642-1678), era stato violinista e compositore attivo alla corte di Modena, aveva scritto un tr...

Championnat de Macédoine du Nord de football

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une compétition de football et la Macédoine du Nord. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Prva Makedonska Fudbalska Liga Généralités Sport Football Création 1959 puis 1992 Catégorie Division 1 Lieu(x) Macédoine du Nord Participants 10 Statut des participants Professionnels Site web officiel Site officiel Hiérarchie Niveau inférieur Vtora Makedonska Fud...

 

 

Élie, duc Decazes

French statesman (1780–1860) Élie DecazesPortrait by François Gérard engraved by Paolo ToschiPrime Minister of FranceIn office19 November 1819 – 20 February 1820MonarchLouis XVIIIPreceded byJean-Joseph DessollesSucceeded byArmand-Emmanuel du Plessis de RichelieuMinister of the InteriorIn office29 December 1818 – 20 February 1820Prime MinisterJean-Joseph DessollesPreceded byJoseph LainéSucceeded byJoseph Jérôme SiméonMinister of PoliceIn office26 September 1815&#...