Vokal belakang

Artikel ini mengandung transkripsi fonetik dalam Alfabet Fonetik Internasional (IPA). Untuk bantuan dalam membaca simbol IPA, lihat Bantuan:IPA. Untuk penjelasan perbedaan [ ], / / dan ⟨ ⟩, Lihat IPA § Tanda kurung dan delimitasi transkripsi.

Vokal belakang ialah jenis vokal yang diucapkan dengan letak lidah lebih belakang daripada letak tetapnya. Namun, letaknya itu tak menggangu keluar masuknya udara sehingga tak menciptakan bunyi konsonan. Vokal belakang juga disebut vokal gelap karena ia terdengar lebih berat dan "gelap" daripada vokal depan.[1]

Pada dasarnya, vokal hampir belakang ialah jenis vokal belakang; tiada bahasa yang diketahui membedakan vokal belakang dan hampir belakang berdasarkan pada letak lidah saja.

Kategori "vokal belakang" terdiri atas vokal bernaik dan vokal bertarik.

Artikulasi

Dalam artikulasinya, vokal belakang terbagi menjadi dua kategori, yaitu vokal bernaik, misal [u], dan vokal bertarik, misal [ɑ].[2]

Daftar vokal belakang

Daftar ini hanya berisi vokal belakang yang umum dijumpai pada transkripsi Alfabet Fonetik Internasional (API).

Yang mempunyai simbol tersendiri

Vokal belakang yang mempunyai simbol tersendiri pada tabel AFI ialah:

Yang tak mempunyai simbol tersendiri

Sedangkan yang lumayan sering dijumpai dalam dalam transkripsi AFI ataupun ada dalam tabel AFI, tapi tak mempunyai simbol tersendiri ialah:

Seperti yang ada di atas, pengucapan suatu vokal depan dapat ditunjukkan melalui penambahan tanda baca di atas huruf (diakritik), misalnya ⟨u̞⟩, ⟨o̝⟩ atau ⟨ʊ̠⟩ dapat digunakan untuk vokal takbulat hampir tertutup belakang.

Lihat pula

Rujukan

  1. ^ Tsur, Reuven (February 1992). The Poetic Mode of Speech Perception. Duke University Press. hlm. 20. ISBN 978-0-8223-1170-6. 
  2. ^ Scott Moisik, Ewa Czaykowska-Higgins, & John H. Esling (2012) "The Epilaryngeal Articulator: A New Conceptual Tool for Understanding Lingual-Laryngeal Contrasts"

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