Abjad Sorabe

Sorabe
Jenis aksara
Abjad
BahasaMalagasi
Periode
abad ke-17 hingga 1823
Aksara terkait
Silsilah
 Artikel ini mengandung transkripsi fonetik dalam Alfabet Fonetik Internasional (IPA). Untuk bantuan dalam membaca simbol IPA, lihat Bantuan:IPA. Untuk penjelasan perbedaan [ ], / / dan ⟨ ⟩, Lihat IPA § Tanda kurung dan delimitasi transkripsi.

Abjad Sorabe (juga dieja sebagai Sora-be) adalah ragam abjad Arab yang pernah digunakan untuk menulis bahasa Malagasi (bagian dari rumpun bahasa Austronesia), terutama digunakan oleh suku Antemoro pada abad ke-15[3]

Para peneliti masih berhipotesis tentang asal usul sistem penulisan ini. "Sorabe" secara harfiah berarti "tulisan besar", yang diserap dari bahasa Arab: "sura" (tulisan), dan Malagasi: "be" (besar). Denominasi ini mungkin menunjukkan adanya sistem penulisan sebelumnya dengan aksara yang lebih kecil dari bahasa Sanskerta yang digunakan di Asia Tenggara seperti yang dibuktikan dalam beberapa kosakata Malagasi.

Secara tradisional, para peneliti berspekulasi bahwa sistem penulisan ini diperkenalkan melalui kontak perdagangan antara bangsa Malagasi dengan Muslim Arab.[4] Namun, studi yang lebih baru mengklaim bahwa skema penulisan ini mungkin telah diperkenalkan oleh Muslim bersuku Jawa.[1][2] Ada kemiripan yang mencolok antara abjad Sorabe dan Pegon (modifikasi abjad Arab untuk bahasa Jawa, Madura, dan Sunda).

Beberapa ratus manuskrip tua telah bertahan sampai hari ini meskipun yang tertua mungkin telah ditulis tidak lebih awal dari abad ke-17.[4] "Sorabe" itu diikat dengan kulit dan teks-teksnya dinamai menurut warna kulitnya. Sebagian besar teks berisi formula magis tetapi ada juga beberapa teks sejarah tentang asal usul beberapa suku di tenggara Madagaskar. Asal-usul abjad ini dapat dilacak ke Makkah atau Nabi Muhammad meskipun ritual keagamaan Islam tidak terlihat dalam naskah-naskah yang ada.

Sorabe akhirnya menyebar ke seluruh pulau mulai abad ke-17 dan, pada akhir abad ke-18, raja Merina bernama Andrianampoinimerina meminta juru tulis Antemoro untuk mengajar anak-anak istananya membaca dan menulis. Beginilah cara Radama I belajar membaca dan menulis di Sorabe sejak masa kecilnya.

Saat ini Malagasi ditulis menggunakan alfabet Latin, diperkenalkan pada tahun 1823.

Abjad

Perbandingan transkripsi Sorabe dengan alfabet Latin ejaan Malagasi saat ini
ـَ ب د ـِ ف غ ه ـِ ج ك ل م ن ـُ ڡ ر س ط و ‹ي› or ‹ز› ع ‹ڊ› atau ‹رّ› ‹̣ط› atau ‹رّ› ت ڡّ طّ ـَيْ ـَوْ ـُوً ـُيْ ‹ـِيَا› atau ‹ـِيْا› ـِوْ ـِيْ
a b d e f g, ng h i, y j k l m n o p r s t v z n̈ dr tr ts mp nt ai ao oa oi ia, ea io, eo ie

Lihat pula

  • Abjad Pegon, ragam abjad Arab yang menurunkan abjad Sorabe menurut beberapa para ahli bahasa.

Referensi

  1. ^ a b Adelaar K.A. & Himmelmann N. (2004)
  2. ^ a b Simon P. (2006)
  3. ^ Kasanga Fernand (1990)
  4. ^ a b Ferrand, Gabriel (1905)

Daftar pustaka

  • (dalam bahasa Inggris) Adelaar K.A. & Himmelmann N. (2004), The Austronesian Language of Asia and Madagascar, Routledge [1] .
  • (dalam bahasa Prancis) Ferrand, Gabriel (1905). Les migrations musulmanes et juives à Madagascar. Paris: Revue de l'histoire des religions.
  • Kasanga Fernand (1990), Fifindra-monina, Librairie FLM, Antananarivo. (Mathematical Reviews)
  • (dalam bahasa Prancis) Simon P. (2006) La langue des ancêtres. Ny Fitenin-drazana. Une périodisation du malgache des origines au XVe siècle, L'Harmattan [2].

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