龙家语

龙家语
Songnibao
母语国家和地区 中华人民共和国
区域贵州省
族群龙家人
母语使用人数
灭绝 ? (2011)
語系
語言代碼
ISO 639-3无(mis
Glottologlong1417[2]

龙家语(本名:suŋ55ni55mpau21)是贵州的一种汉藏语。它同蔡家話卢人语有着亲缘关系。龙家语可能已经灭绝

龙家人放弃了他们原本的语言而改说西南官话。根据《贵州省志》(2002)[3] ,龙家语曾使用于大方县黔西县普定县。该语言被认为同蔡家話有亲缘关系[3],并包含许多来自上古汉语外来词[4]

分类

贵州省民族识别工作队(1984)认为龙家语同蔡家話卢人语有着亲缘关系。[1]但是,龙家语在汉藏语系中的分类尚不明确。郑张尚芳(2010)认为蔡家话白语是姊妹语言[5],而沙加尔认为蔡家话属于汉语族,与瓦乡话有着紧密的亲缘关系。[6]

方言

龙家语有下述几种方言:

下表为龙家语三种方言的词汇比较表,该表显示坡脚方言和花溪方言较为接近,而讲义寨方言与前两种方言差别较大[1]

汉语意思 坡脚 花溪 讲义寨
ŋau55 ŋau55 ŋau35
ua31 ua31 ua31
kuɛ33 kuɛ33 kuɛ53
55 55 35
55 55 55
稻谷 31 31 mai31
ɕi31 ɕe31 se31
la55 la55 31
ta31 ta31 to33
sɿ55 si55 so55
ȵi31 ȵi31 ȵi31; ntɕi31

音系

《普定县志》(1999年)称,龙家语有38个辅音和22个元音(8个单元音和14个复元音)。《毕节县志》(1996年:143)报告说,龙家语有很多鼻化辅音。 在大方县,龙家语的本名是“松立保”。[4]

“南京话”

“南京人”常被分为龙家人,自称是来自南京周边的驻兵后代,与贵州当地的龙家人通婚。[9]他们的语言被称为“南京话”,现在可能尚未灭绝。[10]

在贵州纳雍县昆寨乡建新河村,一名曾学习过南京话的老年人只记得suo55 mu33“吃饭”一个词。[10]suo55来自原始藏缅语*dzya“吃”,这说明南京话的语序为主动宾语序,与蔡家话、龙家话和汉白语族的语序一致。[10]

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 贵州省民族识别工作队. 1984. 南龙人(南京人-龙家人)族别问题调查报告.
  2. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). 龙家语. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 贵州省志. 民族志.(2002). 贵阳:貴州民族出版社.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 大方县年鉴 (1996:150-152)
  5. ^ 郑张尚芳. 2010. 蔡家话白语关系及词根比较. 选自 潘悟云、沈钟伟(编). 研究之乐-庆祝王士元先生七十五寿辰学术论文集,II,389-400. 上海:上海教育出版社.
  6. ^ Sagart, Laurent(沙加爾). 2011. Classifying Chinese dialects/Sinitic languages on shared innovations页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Talk given at Centre de recherches linguistiques sur l’Asie orientale, Norgent sur Marne.
  7. ^ 贵州省民族识别工作队语言组. 1982. 蔡家的语言.
  8. ^ 蔡官镇志. 2004年. 贵阳:贵州人民出版社.
  9. ^ 赵卫峰. 2011. 《贵州白族史略》. 银川: 宁夏人民出版社. ISBN 9787227046783
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Hsiu, Andrew. 2013. New endangered Tibeto-Burman languages of southwestern China: Mondzish, Longjia, Pherbu, and others页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆. Presented at ICSTLL 46, Dartmouth College.

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