鷦鷯 460

Wren 460
位於奧什科甚航空展（英语：EAA AirVenture Oshkosh）的Wren 460P，攝於2023年
概觀
類型短距起降（英语：STOL）輕型機
乘員1人
首飛1963年1月
生產鷦鷯飛行公司（英語：Wren Aircraft Company）
Peterson's Performance Plus
產量700架以上
現況服役中
衍生自賽斯納180（英语：Cessna 180 Skywagon）
賽斯納182（英语：Cessna 182 Skylane）
天鯊SRX-1（英语：Robertson Skylark SRX-1）
技术数据
長度27ft4in(8.33m)[1]
翼展35ft10in(10.92m)
高度9ft0in(2.74m)
翼面積175.4sq ft(16.30m²)
空重1,697lb(770kg)
負載重量3名乘客
正常起飛重量2,800lb(1,270kg)
最大起飛重量3,650lb(1,656kg)
發動機1具大陸IO-470-R（英语：Continental O-470）風冷水平對臥六缸引擎
推力260hp(190kW)
性能數據
最大速度160mph(260km/h,140kn)
巡航速度140mph(230km/h,120kn)
爬升率1,080ft/min(5.5m/s)
最大升限19,200ft(5,900m)
最大航程980mi(1,580km,850nmi)

Wren 460是一款由賽斯納180（英语：Cessna 180 Skywagon）/182（英语：Cessna 182 Skylane）衍伸而來的短距起降（英语：STOL）飛機。

發展

鷦鷯 460的歷史可以追溯到天鯊SRX-1（英语：Robertson Skylark SRX-1），由羅伯森飛機公司（英语：Robertson Aircraft Corporation）的創始人威廉 羅伯森(英語：William B. Robertson)的兒子詹姆士 羅伯森(英語：James Robertson)於1950年代末建造。而後天鯊進行了許多修改，最引人注目的是在螺旋槳後面的滑流中安裝了升降舵的鴨翼。雖然該技術十分成功，但生產成本也因此太高。

羅伯森將天鯊的許多功能融入鷦鷯飛行公司的鷦鷯460中，包括可移動擾流板以及可選的可逆螺距螺旋槳（可用於短距起降）。與天鯊一樣，鷦鷯460的螺旋槳後面也配備了一組鴨翼，利用螺旋槳的氣流，即使飛機靜止時也允許機頭向上傾斜。[2][3]透過添加下垂的前緣翻邊，機翼的失速角也從16度改為20度，這項修改後來被納入標準版的182 中。[4]

鷦鷯460由塞斯納182A改裝而成，並於1963年1月首飛。1964年6月30日，獲得美國聯邦航空總署認證。[4]

鷦鷯460的短距起降功能獲得飛行員們的正面評價，雖然同時這也為降落帶來一定程度的難度。[2]同時，由於其成本為賽斯納182的兩倍之多，因而銷量慘淡，最終膠遼誒機公司於1969年破產。[4]

破產後，鷦鷯460的生產權利由Galen Means收購，而後於1977年再次出售給Todd Peterson。與原版不同的是，鷦鷯460P不能選擇可逆螺旋槳，因為Peterson認為不符合效益。到1986年，一台鷦鷯4600P的成本比新款的182低了近2萬美元。

型號

Wren 460
由鷦鷯飛行公司生產的原始版本，共約200架由賽斯納180/182改裝而成[5]
Wren 460 Beta
Wren 460配備可選的可逆螺旋槳[6]
Wren 460G
由182G機身改裝而成的版本[7]
Wren 460H
由182H機身改裝而成的版本，1965年6月獲得認證[7]
Wren 460P
由Advanced Lift Systems（後來的Peterson's Performance Plus）改裝的版本，採用二手182H到182M機身改裝而成，沒有可逆螺旋槳
Wren 460QB
"Quiet Bird"460B的軍事版本，與YO-3安靜之星觀察機進行競爭。編號推測為ZO-4A。美國空軍在O-4計畫取消前，已預定28架[8][9]
Peterson 260SE
使庫存機翼和大陸IO-470-F（英语：Continental O-470）發動機的版本[10]，共超過500架[11]
Peterson 230SE
改裝鴨翼的簡化版本[10]
Super Skylane
非短距起降版本的460[10]
Bushmaster
260SE的叢林飛行（英语：Bush flying）版本，配備強化起落架和大輪胎[10]
Katmai
加長機翼的Peterson 260 SE[11]
King Katmai
使用大陸IO-550（英语：Continental IO-550）發動機的Katmai[11]
Kenai
採用庫存機翼的King Katmai[11]

參考

  1. ^ Taylor 1988, p. 497.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Brown, Kevin. Takeoff at 30 (PDF). Popular Mechanics. September 1963. 
  3. ^ Schiff, Barry. STOLen Moments (PDF). AOPA Pilot. March 1990: 109. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 A New Wren's Nest (PDF). Sportsman Pilot. Spring 1986. 
  5. ^ Downle, Don. Reborn Wren Revives Interest in the Old/New Airplane of the Sixties (PDF). Cessna Owner Magazine. May 1993, 19. 
  6. ^ Garrison, Kevin; Sakrison, David. Don't You Dare Call a Wren a "182!" (PDF). Cessna Owner Magazine. May 1993, 19. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Taylor, John W. R. (编). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1971–1972. The McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1971: 425. ISBN 0354000942. 
  8. ^ Heyman, Jos. United States Military Aircraft: O=Observation (PDF). 1 June 2015. 
  9. ^ "Missing" USAF/DOD Aircraft Designations. www.designation-systems.net. [2022-05-11]. 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Cavanagh, Jim. One Wonderful Wren! (PDF). Cessna Owner Magazine. May 1993, 19. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Worthy, Crista. King Katmai: Unbeatable Safety and Performance - Disciples of Flight. 2015-02-04 [2021-06-01] （英语）. 

書目

  • Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988-89. Coulsdon, UK:Jane's Defence Data, 1988. ISBN 0-7106-0867-5.
  • Brown, K.; "Takeoff at 30: Cockpit test of new toothwing plane", Popular mechanics, September 1963, Pages 94–97,203-206.[1] (retrieved 6 October 2014).

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