阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停

维基百科中的醫學内容仅供参考，並不能視作專業意見。如需獲取醫療幫助或意見，请咨询专业人士。詳見醫學聲明。
Obstructive sleep apnea
又称Obstructive sleep apnoea
阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停示意圖
类型睡眠呼吸暂停
診斷方法Stop-Bang questionnaire[*]
分类和外部资源
醫學專科Sleep medicine（英语：Sleep medicine）
ICD-117A41
ICD-10G47.3
ICD-9-CM327.23
OMIM107650
DiseasesDB9135
MedlinePlus000811
eMedicineped/2114
MeSHD012891
[编辑此条目的维基数据]
关于与「阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停」標題相近或相同的条目，請見「鼻鼾」。
参见：睡眠呼吸中止症

阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停(英語：Obstructive Sleep Apnea, OSA)，全名阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome）[1][2][3]或阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止/低下症候群，是最常见的睡眠相关呼吸障碍疾病（英语：Sleep-related breathing disorder），也是睡眠呼吸暂停中的最常见形式，它是在睡眠过程中上呼氣道部分或全部受阻（英语：airway obstruction）所引起的。 它的特点是在睡眠时重复性的呼吸中止，尽管有試著呼吸却会伴随血氧饱和度的降低。

以上這些關於呼吸被抑制的情形通稱為呼吸暫停，每次呼吸中止通常会持续20到40秒。 [4]

成因

此病症发生主要原因是在睡眠时上呼吸道肌肉群和口腔及咽喉软组织过于松弛、过度异常增生或肥大，而造成睡眠过程中反覆发生上呼吸道部分或全部阻塞。此处的肌肉包括：腭帆张肌、鼻翼提肌、环甲肌、甲杓肌、颏舌肌、颏舌骨肌、胸骨舌骨肌、胸骨甲状肌；软组织则包括：软腭、口咽扁桃腺及淋巴、侧咽壁软组织、舌根软组织、会厌软骨。

一般认为绝大多数的阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停由以下原因造成：

  • 年纪大
  • 暂时或永久的脑损伤
  • 肌肉张力下降（可由毒品和酒精引起，也有因为神经系统或其它紊乱而引起的。部分人可能会有不止一种症状。）
  • 由长期打鼾引起的咽部局部神经病变（鼾声由上呼吸道软组织震动产生，有人提出打鼾会引起上呼吸道肌肉神经损伤，进而诱发阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停。[5]
  • 呼吸道周围软组织增多（部分是因为肥胖）
  • 引起气道狭窄的先天或后天（如创伤）结构特征

一些有阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停的成年人都伴有肥胖的特征，肥胖的成年人在睡眠时会表现出咽部组织增加，导致呼吸道阻塞。[6]拥有正常身高体重指数（BMI）的成年人则一般是因为肌力下降而引起气道塌陷和睡眠呼吸暂停。仰卧的睡姿也是睡眠呼吸暂停的风险因素之一；仰卧的睡姿造成的下颌骨后缩与舌头塌陷构成睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的解剖学基础。

睡眠呼吸暂停与复发性扁桃体炎发病机制与结果均不相同。[7]

相關條目

參考文獻

  1. ^ 存档副本. [2021-07-30]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-26）. 
  2. ^ 存档副本. [2021-07-30]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-21）. 
  3. ^ 存档副本. [2021-07-30]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-01）. 
  4. ^ Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (780.53-0). The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (PDF). Westchester, Illinois: American Academy of Sleep Medicine. 2001: 52–8 [2010-09-11]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-26）. 
  5. ^ Saboisky, Julian P.; Butler, Jane E.; Gandevia, Simon C.; Eckert, Danny Joel. Functional Role of Neural Injury in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Frontiers in Neurology. 2012, 3 [2020-04-27]. ISSN 1664-2295. PMC 3375463 可免费查阅. PMID 22715333. doi:10.3389/fneur.2012.00095. （原始内容存档于2020-01-03） （英语）. 
  6. ^ Schwab, Richard J.; Kim, Christopher; Bagchi, Sheila; Keenan, Brendan T.; Comyn, François-Louis; Wang, Stephen; Tapia, Ignacio E.; Huang, Shirley; Traylor, Joel. Understanding the Anatomic Basis for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Adolescents. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2015-04-02, 191 (11): 1295–1309 [2020-04-27]. ISSN 1073-449X. PMC 4476519 可免费查阅. PMID 25835282. doi:10.1164/rccm.201501-0169OC. （原始内容存档于2022-06-17）. 
  7. ^ Ezzedini, Rana; Darabi, Maryam; Ghasemi, Babollah; Darabi, Masoud; Fayezi, Shabnam; Moghaddam, Yalda Jabbari; Mehdizadeh, Amir; Abdollahi, Shahin; Gharahdaghi, Abasaad. Tissue fatty acid composition in obstructive sleep apnea and recurrent tonsillitis. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2013-06-01, 77 (6): 1008–1012 [2020-04-27]. ISSN 0165-5876. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.03.033. （原始内容存档于2020-05-27） （英语）. 

Read other articles:

Pedro Lamy

Pedro LamyLamy pada tahun 2011LahirJosé Pedro Mourão Lamy Viçoso20 Maret 1972 (umur 51)Aldeia Galega, Alenquer, PortugalKarier Kejuaraan Dunia Formula SatuKebangsaan PortugueseTahun aktif1993–1996TimLotus, MinardiJumlah lomba32Juara dunia0Menang0Podium0Total poin1Posisi pole0Lap tercepat0Lomba pertamaGrand Prix F1 Italia 1993Lomba terakhirGrand Prix F1 Jepang 1996Catatan lomba Le Mans 24 JamTahun1997–1999, 2001–2002, 2005–TimSchübel Engineering, Viper Team Oreca, Mercedes-AMG...

 

Физика низких температур

Содержание 1 Методы получения низких температур 1.1 Испарение жидкостей 1.2 Дросселирование 1.3 Расширение с совершением внешней работы 1.4 Адиабатическое размагничивание 1.5 Эффект Пельтье 1.6 Криостат растворения 2 Измерение низких температур 3 История физики низких темпера...

 

1995 Football League Cup final

Football match1995 Football League Cup FinalMatch programme coverEvent1994–95 Football League Cup Liverpool Bolton Wanderers 2 1 Date2 April 1995VenueWembley Stadium, LondonMan of the MatchSteve McManaman (Liverpool)[1]RefereePhilip Don (Middlesex)Attendance75,595← 1994 1996 → The 1995 Football League Cup Final was a football match played between Liverpool and Bolton Wanderers on 2 April 1995 at Wembley Stadium, London. It was the final match of the 1994–95 Football L...

Prakoso Bhairawa Putera

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Oktober 2016. Prakoso Bhairawa PuteraBerkas:Prakoso-Putera.jpgLahir11 Mei 1984 (umur 39)Belitung, Kepulauan Bangka BelitungKebangsaanIndonesiaNama lainKoko P. BhairawaAlmamaterUniversitas Padjadjaran, Universitas Indonesia, Universitas SriwijayaPekerjaanPe...

 

List of shipwrecks in 2015

The list of shipwrecks in 2015 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during 2015. This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. table of contents ← 2014 2015 2016 → Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec References January 1 January List of shipwrecks: 1 January 2015 Ship State Description Sea Merchant  Tanzania The cargo ship ...

 

Pagano (catch)

José Julio Pacheco HernándezPagano en novembre 2017Données généralesNom de naissance José Julio Pacheco HernándezNom de ring PaganoNationalité mexicainNaissance 7 février 1986 (38 ans)Juárez, État de Chihuahua, (Mexique)Taille 6′ 3″ (1,91 m)Poids 234 lb (106 kg)Catcheur en activitéFédération Asistencia Asesoría y AdministraciónEntraîneur AspidBabe SharonCarrière pro. 2008 - aujourd'huimodifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata José Julio Pa...

Banksia nutans

Nodding banksia Banksia nutans nutans Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Plantae (tanpa takson): Angiospermae (tanpa takson): Eudicots Ordo: Proteales Famili: Proteaceae Genus: Banksia Spesies: B. nutans Nama binomial Banksia nutansR.Br. Banksia nutans, lebih umum disebut nodding banksia, adalah sebuah spesies perdu yang berasal dari pantai selatan Australia Barat dalam genus Banksia. Tumbuhan tersebut dapat tumbuh sampai setinggi satu meter (3 kaki) Pranala luar Wikispecies mempunyai in...

 

Stojan Novaković

Serbian politician and historian (1842–1915) This article should specify the language of its non-English content, using {{lang}}, {{transliteration}} for transliterated languages, and {{IPA}} for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate ISO 639 code. Wikipedia's multilingual support templates may also be used. See why. (May 2019) Stojan NovakovićСтојан Новаковић38th Prime Minister of SerbiaIn office1895–1896Mo...

 

Parka

Artikel ini perlu diwikifikasi agar memenuhi standar kualitas Wikipedia. Anda dapat memberikan bantuan berupa penambahan pranala dalam, atau dengan merapikan tata letak dari artikel ini. Untuk keterangan lebih lanjut, klik [tampil] di bagian kanan. Mengganti markah HTML dengan markah wiki bila dimungkinkan. Tambahkan pranala wiki. Bila dirasa perlu, buatlah pautan ke artikel wiki lainnya dengan cara menambahkan [[ dan ]] pada kata yang bersangkutan (lihat WP:LINK untuk keterangan lebih lanjut...

Bodo Spranz

Bodo SpranzBorn(1920-01-01)1 January 1920NordhausenDied1 September 2007(2007-09-01) (aged 87)BremenAwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak LeavesAcademic workMain interestsPreclassic meso-American history Bodo Spranz (1 January 1920 – 1 September 2007) was a German researcher of preclassic meso-American history and director of the ethnological museum in Freiburg. During World War II he was a hauptmann in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany receiving the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cro...

 

Fidel Castro

Penyuntingan Artikel oleh pengguna baru atau anonim untuk saat ini tidak diizinkan.Lihat kebijakan pelindungan dan log pelindungan untuk informasi selengkapnya. Jika Anda tidak dapat menyunting Artikel ini dan Anda ingin melakukannya, Anda dapat memohon permintaan penyuntingan, diskusikan perubahan yang ingin dilakukan di halaman pembicaraan, memohon untuk melepaskan pelindungan, masuk, atau buatlah sebuah akun. Fidel CastroCastro c. 1959 Presiden KubaMasa jabatan2 Desember 1976 �...

 

The Great Stone Face (Hawthorne)

The Great Stone Face as it appeared in The Snow-Image, and Other Twice-Told Tales The Great Stone Face is a short story published by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850. The story reappeared in a full-length book, The Snow-Image, and Other Twice-Told Tales, published by Ticknor, Reed & Fields in 1852. It has since been republished and anthologized many times.[1] Plot summary Hawthorne sets the scene in a rural valley located in an unnamed U.S. state that resembles New Hampshire. A rock fo...

История христианства в Центральной Азии

ХристианствоБиблия Ветхий Завет Новый Завет Евангелие Десять заповедей Нагорная проповедь Апокрифы Бог, Троица Бог Отец Иисус Христос Святой Дух История христианства Апостолы Хронология христианства Раннее христианство Гностическое христианство Вселенские соборы Н...

 

Consumer Council of Fiji

Consumer Council of FijiFounded1976 (1976)FounderParliament of Fiji 1976TypeStatutory bodyFocusConsumer protectionLocationSuva, FijiOriginsEstablished under statute Consumer Council of Fiji Act 1976MethodAdvocacy, education, media, campaigning, complaints handling, public lobbyingEmployees 20 full timeWebsiteconsumersfiji.org The Consumer Council of Fiji is a statutory consumer agency that promotes and lobbies for consumer rights and interests in the Fiji Islands. Establishment The counc...

 

Голубянки

Голубянки Самец голубянки икар Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ПервичноротыеБез ранга:ЛиняющиеБез ранга:PanarthropodaТип:ЧленистоногиеПодтип:ТрахейнодышащиеНадкласс:ШестиногиеКласс...

List of rivers of Georgia (U.S. state)

Georgia drainage basins List of rivers of Georgia (U.S. state). By drainage basin This list is arranged by drainage basin, with respective tributaries indented under each larger stream's name. Atlantic Ocean Savannah drainage basin Savannah River Abercorn Creek Black Creek Knoxboro Creek Ebenezer Creek Brier Creek Little River Hudson River Tugaloo River Chattooga River Tallulah River Coleman River Toccoa Creek Broad River Bull River Shad River Halfmoon River Wilmington River Skidaway River H...

 

Satellite Control Network

Defense satellite communications project The Satellite Control Network (SCN), operated by the United States Space Force's Space Delta 6, provides support for the operation, control, and maintenance of a variety of United States Department of Defense and some non-DoD satellites. This involves continual execution of Telemetry, Tracking, and Commanding (TT&C) operations. In addition, the SCN provides prelaunch checkout and simulation, launch support, and early orbit support while satellites ...

 

Sino-Tibetan languages

Language family native to Asia Sino-TibetanTrans-HimalayanGeographicdistributionCentral Asia, East Asia, South Asia and Southeast AsiaLinguistic classificationOne of the world's primary language familiesProto-languageProto-Sino-TibetanSubdivisionsSome 40 well-established subgroups, of which those with the most speakers are: Sinitic (Chinese) Lolo-Burmese Tibetic Karenic Bodo–Garo Kuki-Chin Meitei Tamangic Bai Jingpho–Luish ISO 639-2 / 5sitLinguasphere79- (phylozone)Glottologsino1245Groupi...

إم تي جوكس

هذه المقالة تحتاج للمزيد من الوصلات للمقالات الأخرى للمساعدة في ترابط مقالات الموسوعة. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة وصلات إلى المقالات المتعلقة بها الموجودة في النص الحالي. (مارس 2023) Mt. Gox النوع صرافة لعملة البيتكوين الدولة اليابان المدينة طوكيو المقر الرئيسي شيب...

 

Fyffes

Japanese-owned food company Fyffes plcCompany typePrivateIndustryProduceFounded1888 in London, United KingdomFounderEdward Wathen FyffeHeadquartersGeneva, SwitzerlandKey peopleHelge H. Sparsø CEOProductsFruit: bananas, melons, pineapples,Revenue€1.09 billion (2014)[1]Operating income€38.8 million (2014)[1]Net income€34.1 million (2014)[1]OwnerSumitomo Group (Japan)Websitewww.fyffes.com Fyffes plc (/faɪfs/ FYFS) is a fruit and fresh produce company. The Fyffes b...