長期演進技術（英語：Long Term Evolution，縮寫：LTE）是電信中用于手机及數據終端的高速无线通讯标准，為高速下行分组接入（HSDPA）過渡到4G的版本，俗稱為3.9G。该标准基于旧有的GSM/EDGE和UMTS/HSPA网络技术，并使用调制技术提升网络容量及速度[1][2]。
長期演進技術该标准由3GPP（第三代合作伙伴计划）于2008年第四季度于Release 8版本中首次提出，并在Release 9版本中进行少许改良。
世界第一张商用長期演進技術网络于2009年12月14日，由TeliaSonera電信在挪威奥斯陆和瑞典斯德哥尔摩提供服务[3]。長期演進技術是给予拥有GSM/UMTS网络的运营商最平滑的升级路线，但因2008年美國高通公司宣佈放棄EVDO的平滑升级版本超行動寬頻（Ultra Mobile Broadband，UMB），使得拥有CDMA网络的运营商如美国Verizon Wireless（于2010年铺设完成美国第一张大面积覆盖的長期演進技術网络）[4][5]、中国电信和日本KDDI迁移至長期演進技術网络。因此長期演進技術预计将成为第一个真正的全球通行的无线通讯标准，因为不同国家和地区的不同网络所使用的频段不同，只有支持多个频段的手机才可以实现「全球通行」。
LTE-TDD项目于2007年12月26日，LTE-TDD是LTE技术中的TDD模式，是采取时分双频的长期演进（Time Division Long Term Evolution），帧结构参照了TD-SCDMA，但前者基于LTE技术，后者基于CDMA技术，没有直接联系。[23]
2012年1月18日下午5时，国际电信联盟在2012年无线电通信全会全体会议上，正式审议通过将LTE-Advanced和WirelessMAN-Advanced（802.16m）技术规范确立为IMT-Advanced（俗称“4G”）国际标准，中国主导制定的LTE-TDD-Advanced同时成为IMT-Advanced国际标准。
大多主要的LTE支持者从一开始便首选和推广VoLTE技术。但最初的LTE终端和核心网设备的相关软件缺失导致部分运营商推广VoLGA（Voice over LTE Generic Access，LTE网络下的语音通用接入）以作为一种临时解决方案。[39]该方案类似通用接入网络（也被称作非授权移动接入），使用户可使用个人网络连接，如私人无线网，进行语音通话。不过VoLGA未得到广泛支持，因为尽管VoLTE（IMS）需要大量投资以升级全网语音基础网络，但他可提供更灵活的服务。 VoLTE将同样需要单一无线语音呼叫连续性（Single Radio Voice Call Continuity，SRVCC）以确保在低网络信号下可平滑转换到3G网络。[40]
LTE-FDD Band 3 : 1800MHz LTE-FDD Band 8 : 900MHz TD-LTE Band 34 : 2010MHz TD-LTE Band 38 : 2600MHz TD-LTE Band 39 : 1900MHz TD-LTE Band 40 : 2300MHz TD-LTE Band 41 : 2500MHz
FDD-LTE Band 1 : 2100MHz FDD-LTE Band 3 : 1800MHz（僅於東京、名古屋及大阪提供，未來計劃擴展至全國） FDD-LTE Band 19 : 800MHz FDD-LTE Band 21 : 1500MHz FDD-LTE Band 28 : 700MHz FDD-LTE Band 42 : 3500MHz
^Elizabeth Woyke. Identifying The Tech Leaders In LTE Wireless Patents. Forbes. 2011-09-21 [March 10, 2012]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-18）.Second comment by the author: "Thus, any analysis of essential LTE patents should take into account more than ETSI declarations."
Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, Johan Sköld "4G – LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Broadband", Academic Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-12-385489-6
Stefania Sesia, Issam Toufik, and Matthew Baker, "LTE – The UMTS Long Term Evolution – From Theory to Practice", Second Edition including Release 10 for LTE-Advanced, John Wiley & Sons, 2011, ISBN 978-0-470-66025-6
Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, Johan Sköld, Per Beming, "3G Evolution – HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband", 2nd edition, Academic Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-12-374538-5
Borko Furht, Syed A. Ahson, "Long Term Evolution: 3GPP LTE Radio And Cellular Technology", Crc Press, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4200-7210-5
F. Khan, "LTE for 4G Mobile Broadband – Air Interface Technologies and Performance", Cambridge University Press, 2009
Mustafa Ergen, "Mobile Broadband – Including WiMAX and LTE", Springer, NY, 2009
H. Ekström, A. Furuskär, J. Karlsson, M. Meyer, S. Parkvall, J. Torsner, and M. Wahlqvist, "Technical Solutions for the 3G Long-Term Evolution," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 44, no. 3, March 2006, pp. 38–45
E. Dahlman, H. Ekström, A. Furuskär, Y. Jading, J. Karlsson, M. Lundevall, and S. Parkvall, "The 3G Long-Term Evolution – Radio Interface Concepts and Performance Evaluation," IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC) 2006 Spring, Melbourne, Australia, May 2006
K. Fazel and S. Kaiser, Multi-Carrier and Spread Spectrum Systems: From OFDM and MC-CDMA to LTE and WiMAX, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2008, ISBN 978-0-470-99821-2
Sajal Kumar Das, John Wiley & Sons (April 2010): "Mobile Handset Design", ISBN 978-0-470-82467-2 .
Beaver, Paul, "What is TD-LTE?", RF&Microwave Designline, September 2011.
Samuel C. Yang, "OFDMA System Analysis and Design", Artech House, 2010, ISBN 978-1-60807-076-3
Gautam Siwach, Dr. Amir Esmailpour "LTE Security Potential Vulnerability and Algorithm Enhancements", IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering," IEEE CCECE, Toronto, Canada, May 2014
Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, Johan Sköld "4G – LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Broadband", Academic Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-12-385489-6
Stefania Sesia, Issam Toufik, and Matthew Baker, "LTE – The UMTS Long Term Evolution – From Theory to Practice", Second Edition including Release 10 for LTE-Advanced, John Wiley & Sons, 2011, ISBN 978-0-470-66025-6
Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, Johan Sköld, Per Beming, "3G Evolution – HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband", 2nd edition, Academic Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-12-374538-5
Borko Furht, Syed A. Ahson, "Long Term Evolution: 3GPP LTE Radio And Cellular Technology", Crc Press, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4200-7210-5
F. Khan, "LTE for 4G Mobile Broadband – Air Interface Technologies and Performance", Cambridge University Press, 2009
Mustafa Ergen, "Mobile Broadband – Including WiMAX and LTE", Springer, NY, 2009
H. Ekström, A. Furuskär, J. Karlsson, M. Meyer, S. Parkvall, J. Torsner, and M. Wahlqvist, "Technical Solutions for the 3G Long-Term Evolution," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 44, no. 3, March 2006, pp. 38–45
E. Dahlman, H. Ekström, A. Furuskär, Y. Jading, J. Karlsson, M. Lundevall, and S. Parkvall, "The 3G Long-Term Evolution – Radio Interface Concepts and Performance Evaluation," IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC) 2006 Spring, Melbourne, Australia, May 2006
K. Fazel and S. Kaiser, Multi-Carrier and Spread Spectrum Systems: From OFDM and MC-CDMA to LTE and WiMAX, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2008, ISBN 978-0-470-99821-2
Beaver, Paul, "What is TD-LTE?", RF&Microwave Designline, September 2011.
Dan Forsberg, Günther Horn, Wolf-Dietrich Moeller, Valtteri Niemi, "LTE Security", Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester 2013, ISBN 978-1-118-35558-9
SeungJune Yi, SungDuck Chun, YoungDae lee, SungJun Park, SungHoon Jung, "Radio Protocols for LTE and LTE-Advanced", Wiley, 2012, ISBN 978-1-118-18853-8
Guowang Miao, Jens Zander, Ki Won Sung, and Ben Slimane, "Fundamentals of Mobile Data Networks", Cambridge University Press, 2016, ISBN 1107143217
Konser Gipsy Kings Gipsy Kings adalah sebuah grup musik dari Arles dan Montpellier (tepatnya dari sebuah dusun (Cité) di pinggiran Montpellier yang disebut Phobos yang telah digusur) di Prancis. Orang tua para anggota grup musik ini melarikan diri dari Spanyol semasa Perang Sipil di negera tersebut. Mereka adalah musisi Calé (Gitano), terkenal karena membawa musik Rumba Catalana, versi pop dari musik flamenco tradisional, pada pecinta musik dunia. Musik mereka memiliki gaya Rumba Flamenca k...
1924 novel by Ford Madox Ford This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Some Do Not ... – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Some Do Not … AuthorFord Madox FordSeriesParade's EndPublisherT. SeltzerPublication date1924OCLC196284...
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Pour les articles homonymes, voir Burroughs. Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. Certaines informations figurant dans cet article ou cette section devraient être mieux reliées aux sources mentionnées dans les sections « Bibliographie », « Sources » ou « Liens externes » (juin 2019). Vous pouvez améliorer la vérifiabilité en associant ces informations à des références à l'aide d'appels de notes. Edgar R...
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