求那跋陀罗

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佛教大綱（英语：Outline of Buddhism） 佛教主題 佛教专题

求那跋陀羅（梵語：Guṇabhadra，394年—468年），又譯為求那跋多羅、求那拔陀罗等，簡稱跋陀，意譯為功德贤，中天竺人，印度佛教高僧、译經师。劉宋元嘉年間來到中國。

生平

求那跋陀罗為中天竺人，出身婆罗门，幼學五明諸論，通曉天文、書算、醫方、呪術。因为读誦說一切有部的《杂阿毗昙心论》而皈依佛法，後來又進學大乘《大品般若經》和《華嚴經》，受菩薩戒法。因學大乘，被稱為摩訶衍，意思為大乘和尚[1]。

他先到獅子諸國（斯里蘭卡），之後又轉往東方傳教，南北朝元嘉十二年（435年）到達广州[2]。当时宋文帝刘义隆派人迎至建康，由慧嚴、慧觀等當時著名的僧侶迎接，他後来到丹阳郡等地弘法，卒於明帝泰始四年（468年），享年七十五[3]。

譯作

依《出三藏記集》，跋陀三藏所譯共十三部七十三卷，現存八部六十八卷。他先譯出《雜阿含經》、《大法鼓經》、《勝鬘師子吼一乘大方便方廣經》、《楞伽經》等，由寶雲傳語、慧觀筆受。後移居荊州譯出《無憂王經》、《過去現在因果經》、《相續解脫經》等經，由弟子菩提法勇傳譯度語。[4]

求那跋陀羅的譯語，法慈評為「字句雖質，而理妙玄博」。其所出佛經，著重於如來藏系和瑜伽行唯識系，如法鼓、勝鬘、央掘魔羅、楞伽、解深密等經。但也譯出雜阿含經、泥洹經、過去現在因果經、無憂王經等阿含、本生、因緣類的佛典。

序號 《出三藏記集》所載 狀態 附註
1 新阿鋡經 1 即《雜阿含經》
2 大法鼓經 2
3 勝鬘經 3
4 八吉祥經 佚
5 楞伽阿跋多羅寶經 4
6 央掘魔羅經 5
7 過去現在因果經 6 佛陀之本生，《修行本起經》和《太子瑞應本起經》的同本異譯
8 相續解脫經 7 相當於《解深密經》第七品、第八品；經前有「如相續解脫經中說」，推測是從《瑜伽師地論．攝決擇分》所引《解深密經》經文而譯出[5]。
9 第一義五相略 佚 相當於《解深密經》第二品至第五品的略譯
10 釋六十二見經(闕) 佚
11 泥洹經(闕) 佚
12 無量壽經(闕) 佚 即《小無量壽經》
13 無憂王經(闕) 8 即《阿育王傳》，誤編於《雜阿含經》中，即二三、二五兩卷[6]

參考文獻

  1. ^ 《高僧传》（卷三）：“求那跋陀罗。此云功德贤。中天竺人。以大乘学故世号摩诃衍。本婆罗门种。幼学五明诸论。天文、书算、医方、咒术靡不该博。后遇见阿毗昙杂心。寻读惊悟。乃深崇佛法焉。其家世外道禁绝沙门。乃舍家潜遁远求师友。即投簪落彩专精志学。及受具足博通三藏。”
  2. ^ 《出三藏記集》卷14〈求那跋陀羅傳第八〉；「跋陀前到獅子諸國。皆傳送資供。既有緣東方。乃隨舶汎海。中塗風止淡水復竭。舉舶憂惶。跋陀曰。可同心并力念十方佛稱觀世音。何往不感。乃密誦咒經懇到禮懺。俄而信風暴至密雲降雨。一舶蒙濟。其誠感如此。元嘉十二年至廣州。」
  3. ^ 李安. 中國佛教人物 一六 求那跋陀羅. [2018-05-09]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-23）. 
  4. ^ 《出三藏記集》：「於祇洹寺集義學諸僧。譯出雜阿含經。東安寺出法鼓經。後於丹陽郡譯出勝鬘、楞伽經。徒眾七百餘人。寶雲傳譯。慧觀執筆。往復諮析妙得本旨。後譙王鎮荊州。請與俱行安止新寺。更創殿房。即於新寺出無憂王、過去現在因果及一卷無量壽、一卷泥洹、央掘魔、相續解脫波羅蜜了義、第一義五相略、八吉祥等諸經。凡一百餘卷。」
  5. ^ 印順. 印度佛教思想史. [2022-10-08]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-12）. 
  6. ^ 印順. 佛教史地考論－二 阿育王傳的內容. [2018-05-09]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-21）. 

外部連結

维基文库中的相关原始文献：佛学大辞典/求那跋陀羅

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