日不落帝国(西班牙语:el imperio en el que nunca se pone el sol,英语:the empire on which the sun never sets)指不論何時都有领土處於白晝中的帝国,通常用来形容繁荣强盛、在全世界均有殖民地并掌握当时全球性霸权的帝国。而如今该词在一定的场合用来形容帝国主义,而未必特指某一统一的国家政体。另外目前世界上還有嚴格物理意義上的“日不落帝國”,比如在世界各大洋保留島嶼海外領地的現代英國和法國,在任何時候都有其領土或海外領地處於白晝中。但由於其綜合國力並未達到全球性霸權,所以並不被視為傳統意義上的“日不落帝國”。
然而对帝国的扩张也有批评的声音。19世纪的英国政治家索爾斯伯利勳爵在1861年抱怨英国每年支出150万英镑保卫殖民地,“仅仅滋养了一大堆军事驻地的和一种‘日不落帝国’的自满情绪。(英语:to furnish an agreeable variety of stations to our soldiers, and to indulge in the sentiment that the sun never sets on our Empire.)”一家斯里兰卡的新闻报纸引用了科尔文·R·德·西尔瓦所做出的著名回答:“那是因为上帝不信任黑暗中的英国人。(英语:That's because God does not trust the British in the dark.)”[2]
有时候,该词被应用于批评美帝国主义的场合,例如在约瑟夫·杰森的一本书《The Sun Never Sets: Confronting the Network of Foreign U.S. Military Bases》的标题中。但该词也被一些人认为是正面的,例如用来肯定美国对于世界贸易所做出的努力和贡献。[5]
^"To Britain and America God has granted the possession of the new world; and because the sun never sets upon our religion, our language and our arts..."亚历山大·坎贝尔的演讲 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
^Van Ness, Peter, Hegemony, not anarchy: why China and Japan are not balancing US unipolar power.(2001), Technical Report Working papers 2001/4, Department of International Relations, RSPAS, ANU.
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