异环磷酰胺

异环磷酰胺
臨床資料
商品名英语Drug nomenclatureIfex
其他名稱3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine 2-oxide
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa695023
给药途径静脉注射
ATC碼
法律規範狀態
法律規範
  • 处方药(-only)
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度100%
药物代谢肝代谢
生物半衰期60-80%在72小时内
排泄途徑肾脏
识别信息
  • N-3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinan-2-amide-2-oxide
CAS号3778-73-2  checkY
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard英语CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.021.126 編輯維基數據鏈接
化学信息
化学式C7H15Cl2N2O2P
摩尔质量261.1
3D模型(JSmol英语JSmol
  • O=P1(OCCCN1CCCl)NCCCl
  • InChI=1S/C7H15Cl2N2O2P/c8-2-4-10-14(12)11(6-3-9)5-1-7-13-14/h1-7H2,(H,10,12) checkY
  • Key:HOMGKSMUEGBAAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY

异环磷酰胺(英語:Ifosfamide,商品名MitoxanaIfex)是一种氮芥类烷化剂,被用于治疗癌症[1] 它有时候简称“IFO”。[2]

异环磷酰胺的结构与环磷酰胺十分类似,区别仅仅在于后者侧链氮原子上的一个氯乙基被移到环上的氮。该药物在1971年由德国Asta-Werke的研究人员发现,经过17年的测试后被FDA在美国批准进入市场。[3]

用途

异环磷酰胺被用于治疗一系列的癌症,包括:

给药途径

异环磷酰胺呈白色粉末状,当用作化疗时,会被配制成无色溶液。给药途径为静脉注射。通常该药会与巯乙磺酸钠合用以防止内出血,尤其是出血性膀胱炎英语hemorrhagic cystitis。一般来说,异环磷酰胺临床给药速度很快,有时仅为一小时。

毒性

出血性膀胱炎曾经是最严重的副作用,但后来与巯乙磺酸钠合用之后,患者出现该症状的情况已经比较罕见。同环磷酰胺一样,异环磷酰胺具有骨髓抑制作用,但相对较轻。[3]

一种常见使用药剂量的受到限制的副作用是脑病(脑功能障碍)。不同形式的脑病合计大约会出现在50%左右接受治疗的病人。异环磷酰胺在人体内分解产物之一的氯乙醛,一种化学性质与乙醛水合氯醛类似的物质,可能是导致这种不良反应的原因。异环磷酰胺引起的脑病的症状的范围从轻微(难以集中、疲劳),到中度(谵妄思覺失調),甚至严重(癫痫持续状态昏迷)。这对于儿童可影响神经系统的发育。除了大脑之外,异环磷酰胺还会影响周围神经系统。根据國家癌症研究中心,上述不良反应的严重程度可分为I级至IV级。[4]

脑病史、血液中低白蛋白水平均可增加异环磷酰胺引发脑病的可能性。在大多数情况下,不良反应能够在72小时内自发痊愈。如果在输液的时候出现症状,应立即停止。严重的(III - IV级)脑病的最有效的治疗方法是静脉注射亚甲蓝,从而减少脑病的持续时间;它在此的作用机理目前尚不清楚。在某些情况下,可在异环磷酰胺给药前用亚甲蓝起到预防作用。对不良反应的其他治疗方法包括白蛋白硫胺素,紧急情况下则应使用透析[4]

参考资料

  1. ^ Takimoto CH, Calvo E. "Principles of Oncologic Pharmacotherapy"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) in Pazdur R, Wagman LD, Camphausen KA, Hoskins WJ (Eds) Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). 11 ed. 2008.
  2. ^ Jahnke K, Thiel E, Bechrakis NE; et al. Ifosfamide or trofosfamide in patients with intraocular lymphoma. J. Neurooncol. December 2008, 93 (2): 213–7. PMID 19099202. doi:10.1007/s11060-008-9761-8. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Loehrer Pj, S. The history of ifosfamide. Seminars in oncology. 1992, 19 (6 Suppl 12): 2–6. PMID 1485170. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Ajithkumar T, Parkinson C, Shamshad F, Murray P. Ifosfamide encephalopathy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). March 2007, 19 (2): 108–14. PMID 17355105. doi:10.1016/j.clon.2006.11.003. 

外部链接(英文)

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