鏈黴菌屬

链霉菌属
放線菌（Streptomyces sp）
科学分类 编辑
域： 细菌域 Bacteria
门： 放線菌門 Actinomycetota
纲： 放線菌綱 Actinomycetes
目： 北里孢菌目 Kitasatosporales
科： 链霉菌科 Streptomycetaceae
属： 链霉菌属 Streptomyces
Waksman & Henrici, 1943
种

鏈黴菌屬菌種列表

链霉菌属也称链丝菌，是放線菌門中最大的屬，也是鏈黴菌科的模式屬[1]。已描述了 700 多種鏈黴菌[2][3][4]。 與其他放線菌一樣，鏈黴菌是革蘭氏陽性，並且具有非常大的基因組和高GC含量[3][5]。 大多數鏈黴菌主要存在於土壤和腐爛的植被中，它們會產生孢子，並因其產生的揮發性代謝產物土臭素而產生的獨特“泥土”氣味而聞名[6]。 同一物種的不同菌株可能會生活在非常不同的環境中[3]。

链霉菌属的不少菌种在代謝過程中，次级代謝产物為抗生素，如链霉素、四環黴素、红霉素、卡那霉素和春雷霉素等；有的菌种可生产蛋白酶、葡萄糖异构酶。

分類

参见：鏈黴菌屬菌種列表

鏈黴菌屬是鏈黴菌科的模式屬[7]，目前涵蓋700多種，且數量逐年增加[8][4]。 據估計，鏈黴菌總數接近1600種[3] 。 最初歸類於該屬的嗜酸性和耐酸菌株後來被轉移到 北里孢菌属 (1997) [9] 和 Streptacidiphilus (2003)[10]。 物種命名通常基於菌絲和孢子的顏色。

紅糖多孢菌（Saccharopolyspora erythraea）以前被歸入該屬（如紅鏈黴菌）。

形態學

链丝菌好气，绝大部分腐生，其基质菌丝不断裂，气生菌丝分化成直的、弯曲的或螺旋状的孢子丝，成熟的孢子丝生成链状的分生孢子，故名链丝菌。菌落较小而致密，不易挑取，表面呈粉状、绒状，并有多种颜色。

常見於土壤及腐爛植物中，一般聞起來有泥土味道。相較於其他菌種，鏈黴菌屬繁殖較緩慢，但由於代謝過程的抗生素能抑制其他菌種的生長，所以時間一長，鏈黴菌屬就會成為地盤上的優勢菌種。

链霉菌属同屬菌種之间大多具有交換RNA的特性，所以新的鏈黴菌屬菌種持繼不斷被發現。

參考資料

  1. ^ Kämpfer P. The Family Streptomycetaceae, Part I: Taxonomy. Dworkin M, Falkow S, Rosenberg E, Schleifer KH, Stackebrandt E (编). The Prokaryotes. 2006: 538–604. ISBN 978-0-387-25493-7. doi:10.1007/0-387-30743-5_22. 
  2. ^ Euzéby JP. Genus Streptomyces. List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. 2008 [2008-09-28]. （原始内容存档于2012-12-25）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Nikolaidis, Marios; Hesketh, Andrew; Frangou, Nikoletta; Mossialos, Dimitris; Van de Peer, Yves; Oliver, Stephen G.; Amoutzias, Grigorios D. A panoramic view of the genomic landscape of the genus Streptomyces. Microbial Genomics. June 2023, 9 (6) [2023-07-03]. ISSN 2057-5858. PMID 37266990. S2CID 259025020. doi:10.1099/mgen.0.001028. （原始内容存档于2023-06-24）. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Genus: Streptomyces. www.bacterio.net. [2023-06-21]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-21） （英语）. 
  5. ^ Madigan M, Martinko J (编). Brock Biology of Microorganisms 11th. Prentice Hall. 2005. ISBN 978-0-13-144329-7. [页码请求]
  6. ^ John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (编). eLS 1. Wiley. 2001-05-30 [2023-07-03]. ISBN 978-0-470-01617-6. doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0020392.pub2. （原始内容存档于2020-05-23） （英语）. 
  7. ^ Anderson AS, Wellington EM. The taxonomy of Streptomyces and related genera. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. May 2001, 51 (Pt 3): 797–814. PMID 11411701. doi:10.1099/00207713-51-3-797 可免费查阅. 
  8. ^ Labeda DP. Multilocus sequence analysis of phytopathogenic species of the genus Streptomyces. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. October 2011, 61 (Pt 10): 2525–2531. PMID 21112986. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.028514-0 可免费查阅. 
  9. ^ Zhang Z, Wang Y, Ruan J. A proposal to revive the genus Kitasatospora (Omura, Takahashi, Iwai, and Tanaka 1982). International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. October 1997, 47 (4): 1048–54. PMID 9336904. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-4-1048 可免费查阅. 
  10. ^ Kim SB, Lonsdale J, Seong CN, Goodfellow M. Streptacidiphilus gen. nov., acidophilic actinomycetes with wall chemotype I and emendation of the family Streptomycetaceae (Waksman and Henrici (1943)AL) emend. Rainey et al. 1997. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 2003, 83 (2): 107–16. PMID 12785304. S2CID 12901116. doi:10.1023/A:1023397724023. 

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