白消安

白消安
臨床資料
商品名英语Drug nomenclatureMyleran
其他名稱1,4-丁二醇二甲烷磺酸酯
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682248
核准狀況
给药途径口服、注射
ATC碼
法律規範狀態
法律規範
  • 处方药(-only)
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度80%(口服)
血漿蛋白結合率32.4%
药物代谢肝代谢
生物半衰期2.5小时
排泄途徑?
识别信息
  • butane-1,4-diyl dimethanesulfonate
CAS号55-98-1  checkY
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard英语CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.000.228 編輯維基數據鏈接
化学信息
化学式C6H14O6S2
摩尔质量246.29 g·mol−1
3D模型(JSmol英语JSmol
  • O=S(=O)(OCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C)C
  • InChI=1S/C6H14O6S2/c1-13(7,8)11-5-3-4-6-12-14(2,9)10/h3-6H2,1-2H3 checkY
  • Key:COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY

白消安(英語:Busulfan,商品名马利兰白舒非)是一种从1959年开始使用的抗癌药。它是一种细胞周期非特异性烷化剂,属于烷基磺酸酯类型,化学结构全称是1,4-丁二醇二甲烷磺酸酯

历史

白消安曾经是化学疗法治疗慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)的首选药物,直至其被特效药伊马替尼取代。不过由于白消安的廉价,该药物仍被一定程度上地使用。

适应症

目前,白消安主要用于骨髓移植,尤其是在慢性粒细胞白血病情况下被用作一种备用药物。它能够控制肿瘤负荷,但是不能够防止癌细胞变形或纠正细胞异常。白消安最近在一项研究中被用来探究血小板运送的血清素肝脏的自动修复中的角色。[1]

副作用

毒性作用可能包括间断的肺纤维化色素沉着英语Hyperpigmentation癫痫发作肝静脉阻塞症英语Hepatic veno-occlusive disease惡病體質。白消安还能导致血小板减少英语Thrombocytopenia。长期使用会导致骨髓抑制,甚至再生障碍性贫血

苯妥英可以与白消安共用以预防癫痫发作。左乙拉西坦苯二氮卓类药物也对白消安引发的癫痫发作具有治疗效果。[2]

白消安被国际癌症研究机构(IARC)列为1类致癌物

作用機轉

白消安的作用机制是通过DNA的烷基化,从而导致鸟嘌呤-腺嘌呤的核酸链交联,[3] 这个过程是通过双分子亲核取代反应进行的[4],其中亲核的鸟嘌呤的7位氮原子进攻甲磺酸离去基团相邻的碳原子[4],如下圖上方所示。这种对DNA的损害无法被细胞所修复,因此导致癌细胞的凋亡[5]

另一項機轉為與半胱胺酸硫醇官能基反應[6],如下圖下方

白消安的藥物化學機制[4][6]

络合反应

有研究者用白消安进行的环糊精的分子识别。[7] 他们观察到了络合物通过脲基和白消安的磺酸酯部分之间的静电作用而形成。

另外一种物质也用于构建白消安的络合物,这种物质的结构有两个二糖通过尿素连接的冠醚[8]

商品药物信息

马利兰是薄膜包衣的片剂,每片含2毫克白消安。

参考资料

  1. ^ Lesurtel M, Graf R, Aleil B, Walther D, Tian Y, Jochum W, Gachet C, Bader M, Clavien P. Platelet-derived serotonin mediates liver regeneration. Science. 2006, 312 (5770): 104–7. PMID 16601191. doi:10.1126/science.1123842. 
  2. ^ Eberly, AL.; Anderson, GD.; Bubalo, JS.; McCune, JS. Optimal prevention of seizures induced by high-dose busulfan.. Pharmacotherapy. Dec 2008, 28 (12): 1502–10. PMID 19025431. doi:10.1592/phco.28.12.1502. 
  3. ^ Iwamoto T, Hiraku Y, Oikawa S, Mizutani H, Kojima M, Kawanishi S. DNA intrastrand cross-link at the 5'-GA-3' sequence formed by busulfan and its role in the cytotoxic effect. Cancer Sci. May 2004, 95 (5): 454–8. PMID 15132775. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03231.x. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Thomas L. Lemke, David A. Williams. Cancer and Chemotherapy. Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry. USA: LWW. 2012: 1199–1226. ISBN 978-1609133450 (英语). 
  5. ^ Karstens A, Kramer I. Chemical and physical stability of diluted busulfan infusion solutions. EJHP Science. 2007, 13: 40–7. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Carmen Avendano, J. Carlos Menendez. DNA alkylating agent. Medicinal Chemistry of Anticancer Drug. USA: Elsevier Science. 2015: 197–237. ISBN 978-0444626493 (英语). 
  7. ^ Menuel S, Joly JP, Courcot B, Elysee J, Ghermani NE, Marsura A. Synthesis and inclusion ability of a bis-beta-cyclodextrin pseudo-cryptand towards Busulfan anticancer agent. Tetrahedron. 2007, 63 (7): 1706–14. doi:10.1016/j.tet.2006.10.070. 
  8. ^ Porwanski S, Florence DCB, Menuel S, Joly JP, Bulach V, Marsura A. Bis-beta-cyclodextrinyl- and bis-cellobiosyl-diazacrowns: synthesis and molecular complexation behaviors toward Busulfan anticancer agent and two basic aminoacids. Tetrahedron. 2009, 65 (31): 6196–6203. doi:10.1016/j.tet.2009.05.057. 

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