S级潜艇 (1918年)

USS S-44
S-class submarine S-44
历史
United States
建造方 伯利恒鋼鐵 (S1 Class)
入役日期 1918(USS S-1 (SS-105))-1925(USS S-51 (SS-162))
退役日期 1929(USS S-2 (SS-106))- 1945(USS S-48 (SS-159))
技术数据
船級 S Class
排水量 At most 906 tons surfaced, 1230 Submerged
船長 219-240 ft.
吃水 19ft 3in-21ft 9 in
船速 >15 knots
續航力 5,000 miles (8,047 kilometres)
潛航深度 200 ft (70 metres)

S級潛艇有时又被称为S艇 或是 蜜糖艇,是美國海軍一款在第一次世界大戰尾聲時量產的柴電潛艇,共量產51艘。

S級潛艇在量產過程計分為四個批次:

其中,S-2號為雷克魚雷艇造船公司在本級艇競標時承造型號,但因品質不佳,沒能奪得訂單,在僅有生產原型艇的狀況下不算入S級潛艇量產批次之列。

除了美國海軍已服役的51艘外,還有一批曾簽訂但最後撤銷的訂單:SS-159至SS-168(霍蘭型第二版)、SS-173至SS-176(海軍造船廠型第二版),相關舷號最後挪用給後續艇級,並沒有作為空號保留;在訂單取消後,通用電船將一部分已經下訂的料件挪用給祕魯海軍訂購的R級潛艇英语United States R-class submarine使用。

服役

S級首艇下水時間在1918年9月,1920年完工成軍,未能趕上參戰時程。待1941年底美國參戰時,S級潛艇已經是種服役近20年的老艇,在太平洋與大西洋戰場都有佈署;因魚雷管長度較短只能配備一次大戰所開發的Mark10型魚雷作為標準武裝,無法配備Mk 14型魚雷

開戰前在太平洋的S級潛艇有部分在菲律賓常駐,在菲律賓遭日本占領後主要駐紮在兩個地點,阿拉斯加荷蘭港澳大利亞;因S級潛艇體積較小續航力不足,因此母港的距離離前線較近,主要任務是鄰近海域的巡邏、偵查、防禦任務;至1943年,貓鯊級潛艇產量已能汰換舊型潛艇,S型潛艇開始撤離前線,在後方進行反潛作戰訓練用假想敵,大部分美國海軍所屬的S級潛艇在二戰勝利後便退役,1946年拆解。二戰期間有7艘S級潛艇遭擊沉,除了1艘可能是軸心國戰果,其它皆為操作或友軍誤擊折損。

除了美國海軍,英國皇家海軍在二戰中獲得6艘軍援的S級潛艇,主要任務也是作為反潛訓練使用,軍援英國的潛艇則早於美軍在1944年除役,在勝利後運回美國解體。

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