S-腺苷甲硫氨酸

S-腺苷甲硫氨酸
识别
CAS号 29908-03-0  checkY
PubChem 9865604
ChemSpider 8041295
SMILES
 
  • O=C(O)C(N)CC[S+](C)C[C@H]3O[C@@H](n2cnc1c(ncnc12)N)[C@H](O)[C@@H]3O
InChI
 
  • 1/C15H22N6O5S/c1-27(3-2-7(16)15(24)25)4-8-10(22)11(23)14(26-8)21-6-20-9-12(17)18-5-19-13(9)21/h5-8,10-11,14,22-23H,2-4,16H2,1H3,(H2-,17,18,19,24,25)/p+1/t7?,8-,10-,11-,14-,27?/m1/s1
InChIKey MEFKEPWMEQBLKI-NNGIMXIKBF
KEGG C00019
MeSH S-Adenosylmethionine
性质
化学式 C15H23N6O5S+
摩尔质量 399.447 g·mol⁻¹
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(又名S-腺苷蛋氨酸,英語:S-adenosyl methionine,缩写为SAM)带有一个活化了的甲基(右图标注),是一种参与甲基转移反应的辅酶,存在于所有的真核细胞中。在失去该活化甲基后,SAM变为S-腺苷-L-高半胱氨酸(SAH)。

S-腺苷甲硫氨酸最早于1952年被科学家(Giulio Cantoni)发现。它由三磷酸腺苷(ATP)甲硫氨酸在细胞内通过蛋氨酸腺苷基转移酶(Methionine Adenosyl Transferase)催化合成,在作为辅酶参与甲基转移反应的时候丢失一个甲基变成S-腺苷基高半胱氨酸。大部分的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸在肝脏生成。

在高级有机体内,40种以上的合成代谢或分解代谢的化学反应涉及将S-腺苷甲硫氨酸的甲基转移到核酸蛋白质脂肪等底物上。

作为膳食补充品

研究表明,定期食用S-腺苷甲硫氨酸可抗抑郁、肝脏疾病和关节炎[1]。在美国市场上用SAM-e的名字按营养补品销售,有改善情绪、保养肝脏和舒适关节的功效。随着营养补充品在大众消费中增长,用于治疗目的的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸亦有增加,特别是在1999年营养补充品健康及教育法通过以后。这部法令允许使用和分配S-腺苷甲硫氨酸作为一种可于柜台出售的食物添加剂,并使其通过了FDA的限制性法令。S-腺苷甲硫氨酸已被很多研究性文章证明在治疗上对肝部疾病情绪失调骨质疏松症有效。由于其结构上的不稳定性,S-腺苷甲硫氨酸的稳定的盐形式成为其药用的主要形式。尽管其稳定的盐形式已经被制作出来,SAM仍然是易于分解的,因此其售卖者经常要求服食较可能被真正吸收的更多的剂量。广泛报道的副作用是肠胃不适,但是有双相障碍病史的人有发生狂躁症的风险。治疗剂量的范围是每日800-1,600毫克。

參見

外部連結

參考資料

  1. ^ 存档副本. [2006-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2005-11-27). 

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