美利堅聯盟國（英語：Confederate States of America，CSA），另稱美利堅邦聯、南方邦聯或迪克西（通俗說法），簡稱聯盟國、邦聯（Confederate States），是自1861年至1865年由11个美国南方蓄奴州宣布从合眾國分裂而出的政权。位於北美洲，由今天美國南部的一部分地域组成。[5]自美利堅聯盟國單方面獨立之後短暫存在的期間内，一直與北方亚伯拉罕·林肯领導的聯邦政府進行內戰，大多處於防禦態勢，只有羅伯特·李將軍麾下的北維吉尼亞軍團曾短暫的入侵北方的美利堅合眾國領土，也由于交战原因並無確切的北部邊界，其南部邊界與墨西哥北界一致，東西邊界則是墨西哥灣和大西洋。[5]1865年联盟国在南北戰爭中失利而被合眾國併吞，美國重新統一。
在美利堅聯盟國存在期間及戰後若干年內，其法律地位一直受到激烈爭議。美利堅聯盟國於其存在期間，曾與歐洲若干政權（包含法蘭西以及英國）協商。聯盟國僅正式取得德意志境內一小公國萨克森-科堡-哥达公国之外交承認。聯盟國在特倫特號事件期間即將取得英國的承認，當時並準備與法國（時拿破崙三世皇帝有成立墨西哥帝國之腹案）進行斡旋；但英法兩國在安提耶坦戰役（英语：Battle of Antietam）與林肯發佈解放奴隸宣言後退縮。戰爭進行期間歐洲各國採行中立政策，在無正式外交關係的情況下與聯盟國代表進行非官方會面。在其國內則採行國際法則，視交戰中的南北兩方為交戰國。英屬北美允許美利堅聯盟國與合眾國雙方官員在其邊界公開作業，墨西哥以北若干州政府協商地區性協議以承擔德州邊界的貿易。
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Cooper (2000) p. 462. Rable (1994) pp. 2–3. Rable wrote, "But despite heated arguments and no little friction between the competing political cultures of unity and liberty, antiparty and broader fears about politics in general shaped civic life. These beliefs could obviously not eliminate partisanship or prevent Confederates from holding on to and exploiting old political prejudices. Indeed, some states, notably Georgia and North Carolina, remained political tinderboxes throughout the war. Even the most bitter foes of the Confederate government, however, refused to form an opposition party, and the Georgia dissidents, to cite the most prominent example, avoided many traditional political activities. Only in North Carolina did there develop anything resembling a party system, and there the central values of the Confederacy's two political cultures had a far more powerful influence on political debate than did organizational maneuvering."
^David Herbert Donald, ed. Why the North Won the Civil War. (1996) p.112–113. Potter wrote in his contribution to this book, "Where parties do not exist, criticism of the administration is likely to remain purely an individual matter; therefore the tone of the criticism is likely to be negative, carping, and petty, as it certainly was in the Confederacy. But where there are parties, the opposition group is strongly impelled to formulate real alternative policies and to press for the adoption of these policies on a constructive basis. ... But the absence of a two-party system meant the absence of any available alternative leadership, and the protest votes which were cast in the 1863 Confederate mid-term election became more expressions of futile and frustrated dissatisfaction rather than implements of a decision to adopt new and different policies for the Confederacy."
^ 5.05.1William C. Davis. Look Away! A History of the Confederate States of America. New York: Free Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-684-86585-0.
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