碘苯

碘苯
碘苯 键线式
IUPAC名
Iodobenzene
别名 碘代苯
识别
CAS号 591-50-4  checkY
PubChem 11575
ChemSpider 11087
SMILES
 
  • Ic1ccccc1
InChI
 
  • 1/C6H5I/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H
InChIKey SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYAQ
RTECS DA3390000
DrugBank DB02252
性质
化学式 C6H5I
摩尔质量 204.01 g·mol⁻¹
外观 对光敏感的无色液体
密度 1.831 g/cm3(20/4℃)
熔点 -29 ℃
沸点 188 ℃(常压)63-64 ℃(1.07kPa)
折光度n
D
1.6200(18.5℃)
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

碘苯也称碘代苯,是的一取代物分子式为C6H5I。它用于有机合成中或用作折射率标准液。

性质

碘苯是无色有特殊气味的液体,难溶于水,可溶于氯仿乙醚乙醇。对光敏感,见光颜色逐渐变黄。闪点74℃。

由于 C-I 键键能比 C-Cl 和 C-Br 键键能低,因此碘苯的反应性比氯苯溴苯更强。它可以与反应生成格氏试剂苯基碘化镁(PhMgI),后者可在有机合成中用作苯基负离子的合成子等价物。

碘苯也可作为薗头偶合反应Heck反应和其他金属催化的偶联反应中的原料。

制备

苯胺重氮化、置换制得。首先向冷却的苯胺盐酸溶液中缓慢滴加亚硝酸钠溶液,并用碘化钾淀粉试纸测定反应终点(蓝色),使之发生重氮化反应生成重氮盐PhN2+Cl,然后加入碘化钾溶液,使重氮基被碘取代并放出氮气,生成碘苯。反应后加入强碱使过量的亚硝酸盐水解,酸化,最后用水蒸汽蒸馏收集产物,即得到纯净的碘苯。[1]

除上述方法外,碘苯也可通过用硝酸在回流条件下反应得到。[2]

还有一种制取碘苯和取代碘苯的方法是:先用三氧化二铊与含水三氟乙酸加热反应制取三氟乙酸铊,然后在存在三氟乙酸的情况下加入反应,生成二(三氟乙酸)苯基铊,最后将二(三氟乙酸)苯基铊与碘化钾水溶液反应,便可得到碘苯,产率高达96%。

2-碘对二甲苯用上述铊法制取的过程可总结为:

2-碘对二甲苯的制取
2-碘对二甲苯的制取

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ H. J. Lucas, E. R. Kennedy (1939). "Iodobenzene". Org. Synth.; Coll. Vol. 2: 351. 
  2. ^ F. B. Dains and R. Q. Brewster (1941). "Iodobenzene". Org. Synth.; Coll. Vol. 1: 323. 

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