每秒指令

每秒指令(英語:Instructions per second縮寫IPS)是一種計算電腦中央處理器性能的記量單位。大多數IPS的數值是在某些特定測量軟體中取極限值所得,而較為可信的MIPS值取決於測試軟體的測試情境以及測試時間。記憶體階層的效能也大大影響處理器的效能,也影響IPS數值的真確性。由於以上問題,研發者發展了數套標準測試方案,例如SPECint以計算真實情況下軟體使用情況的效能,也讓IPS計量單位變成較無用的計量單位。

本術語通常與數量單位關連在一起,例如每秒千指令(kIPS)、每秒百萬指令(MIPS)或每秒百萬操作(MOPS)等。MFLOPS是考察单字长浮点指令的平均执行速度。

每秒千指令

每秒千指令很少用到,絕大多數的處理器都是從每秒百萬指令起跳。此處的千指的是1024而非1000。

kIPS也是一個為16位元微處理器所命名的笑稱。這個處理器用於資訊工程學系「計算機組織與設計」課程上,是一種教學性的MIPS架構。此架構是MIPS R2000的簡化版本。

每秒百萬指令

MIPS是每秒百萬指令 "Millions of Instructions per Second"。 在Linux以及Unix圈子中,MIPS通常指的是BogoMips。MIPS無法在不同的處理器架構下比較。

在1970年代,小型電腦的效能是與VAX MIPS相比較的,利用執行一個工作再將其執行時間與VAX 11/780(市場公認的1 MIPS機器)比較。此單位也是有名的VAX Unit效能VUP。此機器會被選為標準是因為它的執行效率大約等於IBMSystem/370模組158-3,此模組是電腦工業公認的1 MIPS機器。

大部分8-bit與早期16-bit微處理器的效能單位是kIPS,約等於0.001MIPS。

而第一個泛用微處理器--Intel i8080的執行效率為640kIPS。而Intel的第一個使用IBM PC架構的16-bit微處理器,Intel i8086之執行效率為800kIPS。早期的32-bit處理器(386)的效率大約為3 MIPS。

zMIPS是IBM內部使用的MIPS計量單位,用以評量自家的大型機zSeriesSystem z9)。

Isham 研發處页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)的分析家近來將kMIPS(千MIPS)當作IBM超級電腦的處理器效率計量單位。

IPS演进时间表

处理器 IPS IPS/Hz 多核心(如果有) 年份 来源
笔算(用于比较) 0.0119 IPS 不适用 1892 [1]
Intel 4004 92 kIPS于740 kHz[2] 0.124 1971
IBM System/370 model 158-3 1 MIPS 1 1972
Intel 8080 640 kIPS于2 MHz 0.32 MIPS/MHz 1974
VAX-11/780 500 kIPS 0.5 1977
Motorola 68000 1 MIPS于8 MHz 0.125 MIPS/MHz 1979
Intel 286 2.66 MIPS于12 MHz 0.22 MIPS/MHz 1982 [3]
Motorola 68020 4 MIPS于20 MHz 0.2 MIPS/MHz 1984
ARM2 4 MIPS于8 MHz 0.5 MIPS/MHz 1986
Motorola 68030 11 MIPS于33 MHz 0.33 MIPS/MHz 1987
Intel 386DX 8.5 MIPS于25 MHz 0.34 MIPS/MHz 1988
Motorola 68040 44 MIPS于40 MHz 1.1 MIPS/MHz 1990
Intel 486DX 54 MIPS于66 MHz 0.818 MIPS/MHz 1992
Motorola 68060 88 MIPS于66 MHz 1.33 MIPS/MHz 1994
Intel Pentium Pro 541 MIPS于200 MHz 2.705 MIPS/MHz 1996 [4]
ARM 7500FE 35.9 MIPS于40 MHz 0.897 MIPS/MHz 1996
PowerPC G3 525 MIPS于233 MHz 2.253 MIPS/MHz 1997
Zilog eZ80 80 MIPS于50 MHz 1.6 MIPS/MHz 1999 [5]
Intel Pentium III 1,354 MIPS于500 MHz 2.708 MIPS/MHz 1999
Freescale MPC8272 760 MIPS于400 MHz 1.9 MIPS/MHz 2000 [6]集成通信处理器
AMD Athlon 3,561 MIPS于1.2 GHz 2.967 MIPS/MHz 2000
AMD Athlon XP 2400+ 5,935 MIPS于2.0 GHz 2.967 MIPS/MHz 2002
Pentium 4 Extreme Edition 9,726 MIPS于3.2 GHz 3.039 MIPS/MHz 2003
ARM Cortex A8 2,000 MIPS于1.0 GHz 2.0 MIPS/MHz 2005 [7]
AMD Athlon FX-57 12,000 MIPS于2.8 GHz 4.285 MIPS/MHz 2005
AMD Athlon 64 3800+ X2 (Dual Core) 14,564 MIPS于2.0 GHz 7.282 MIPS/MHz 2005 [8]
Xbox360 IBM "Xenon" Triple Core 19,200 MIPS于3.2 GHz 2.0 MIPS/MHz 2005
PS3 Cell BE (PPE only) 10,240 MIPS于3.2 GHz 3.2 MIPS/MHz 2006
AMD Athlon FX-60 (Dual Core) 18,938 MIPS于2.6 GHz 7.283 MIPS/MHz 2006 [8]
Intel Core 2 Extreme X6800 27,079 MIPS于2.93 GHz 9.242 MIPS/MHz 2006 [8]
Intel Core 2 Extreme QX6700 49,161 MIPS于2.66 GHz 18.481 MIPS/MHz 2006 [9]
P.A. Semi PA6T-1682M 8,800 MIPS于2.0 GHz 4.4 MIPS/MHz 2007 [10]
Intel Core 2 Extreme QX9770 59,455 MIPS于3.2 GHz 18.580 MIPS/MHz 2008 [11]
Intel Core i7 Extreme 965EE 76,383 MIPS于3.2 GHz 23.860 MIPS/MHz 2008 [12]
Intel Core 2 P8800 7047.88 MIPS于2.66 GHz 2.696 MIPS/MHz 2009 [13]
AMD Phenom II X4 940 Black Edition 42,820 MIPS于3.0 GHz 14.273 MIPS/MHz 2009 [14]

参考

參見

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